Action and action-regulation in entrepreneurship: evaluating a student training for promoting entrepreneurship

Gielnik, Michael M.; Frese, Michael; Kahara-Kawuki, Audrey; Wasswa Katono, Isaac; Kyejjusa, Sarah; Ngoma, Muhammed; Munene, John; Namatovu-Dawa, Rebecca; Nansubuga, Florence; Orobia, Laura; Oyugi, Jacob; Sejjaaka, Samuel; Sserwanga, Arthur; Walter, Thomas; Bischoff, Kim Marie; Dlugosch, Thorsten J.

doi:10.5465/amle.2012.0107

Cited by 305Entrepreneurship Studies and InfluencesVocational and Entrepreneurial EducationMigration, Ethnicity, and Economy

Action and action-regulation in entrepreneurship: evaluating a student training for promoting entrepreneurship

Gielnik, Michael M., Frese, Michael, Kahara-Kawuki, Audrey, Wasswa Katono, Isaac, Kyejjusa, Sarah, Ngoma, Muhammed, Munene, John, Namatovu-Dawa, Rebecca +8 more·2015·Academy of Management Learning & Education

DOI 10.5465/amle.2012.0107

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Abstract

Action plays a central role in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education. Based on action regulation theory, we developed an action-based entrepreneurship training. The training put a particular focus on action insofar as the participants learned action principles and engaged in the start-up of a business during the training. We hypothesized that a set of action-regulatory factors mediates the effect of the training on entrepreneurial action. We evaluated the training's impact over a 12-month period using a randomized control group design. As hypothesized, the training had positive effects on action-regulatory factors (entrepreneurial goal intentions, action planning, action knowledge, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy) and the action-regulatory factors mediated the effect of the training on entrepreneurial action. Furthermore, entrepreneurial action and business opportunity identification mediated the effect of the training on business creation. Our study shows that action-regulatory mechanisms play an important role for action-based entrepreneurship trainings and business creation.

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Despite decades of research, there is limited insight into exactly how training effectively promotes entrepreneurship.
“despite decades of research, we still have limited insight into exactly how training effectively promotes entrepreneurship (Gielnik et al., 2015).”
From The impact of growth mindset training on entrepreneurial action among necessity entrepreneurs: Evidence from a randomized control trial (2023) · cites this paper as Gielnik et al., 2015
Knowledge regarding designing and improving training to promote entrepreneurship effectively is limited.
“Specifically, our knowledge regarding designing and improving training to promote entrepreneurship effectively is somewhat surprisingly limited (Gielnik etal., 2015).”
From Impact of Entrepreneurship Training on Entrepreneurial Efficacy and Alertness among Adolescent Youth (2018) · cites this paper as Gielnik et al., 2015

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The Role of Knowledge in Business Start-up Activity
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To start or not to start: Outcome and ability expectations in the decision to start a new venture
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Reflections on the 2010AMRDecade Award: Whither the Promise? Moving Forward with Entrepreneurship As a Science of the Artificial
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The Impact of Environment and Entrepreneurial Perceptions on Venture-Creation Efforts: Bridging the Discovery and Creation Views of Entrepreneurship
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Impact of Entrepreneurship Education: A Comparative Study of the U.S. and Korea
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New Firm Formation: A Dynamic Capability Perspective*
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How to Plan as a Small Scale Business Owner: Psychological Process Characteristics of Action Strategies and Success [*]
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Some Problems in Using Subjective Measures of Effectiveness to Evaluate Entrepreneurial Assistance Programs
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Cultural differences in planning/success relationships : A comparison of small enterprises in Ireland, West Germany, and East Germany
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The Effectiveness of Training for New Business Creation
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The growth process of informal enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of a metalworking cluster in Nairobi
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Evidence-based Entrepreneurship: Cumulative Science, Action Principles, and Bridging the Gap Between Science and Practice
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A critical review of the effects of entrepreneurship training in developing countries
Matthias Glaub, M. G., & Michael Frese, M. F. (2011) · Enterprise Development & Microfinance · doi:10.3362/1755-1986.2011.035 · Cited by 59 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Our training thus goes beyond other trainings which focus mainly on learning-by-doing (see Glaub & Frese, 2012; Rasmussen & Sorheim, 2006).”
Background
Connecting entrepreneurial and action learning in student-initiated new business ventures: the case of SPEED
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The challenges of integrating entrepreneurship education in the vocational training system
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Toward a Psychology of Entrepreneurship — An Action Theory Perspective
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The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education in Higher Education: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda
Nabi, G., Liñán, F., Fayolle, A., Krueger, N., & Walmsley, A. (2017) · Academy of Management Learning & Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2015.0026 · Cited by 1,708 · see citing works
The Psychology of Entrepreneurship
Fresé, M., & Gielnik, M. M. (2014) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326 · Cited by 979 · see citing works
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A systematic review of the literature on its theoretical foundations, measurement, antecedents, and outcomes, and an agenda for future research
Newman, A., Obschonka, M., Schwarz, S., Cohen, M., & Nielsen, I. (2019) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2018.05.012 · Cited by 875 · see citing works
Entrepreneurship as a solution to extreme poverty: A review and future research directions
Sutter, C. J., Bruton, G. D., & Chen, J. (2018) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.06.003 · Cited by 688 · see citing works
From entrepreneurial intentions to actions: Self-control and action-related doubt, fear, and aversion
van Gelderen, M., Kautonen, T., & Fink, M. (2015) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.01.003 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Outcomes of entrepreneurship education: An institutional perspective
Walter, S. G., & Block, J. (2015) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2015.10.003 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
A systematic literature review of the evolution of pedagogy in entrepreneurial education research
Hägg, G., & Gabrielsson, J. (2019) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-04-2018-0272 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Entrepreneurship Education and Training Programs around the World: Dimensions for Success
Valerio, A., Parton, B., & Robb, A. (2014) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0202-7 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Comparing the impact of three different experiential approaches to entrepreneurship in education
Lackéus, M. (2020) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-04-2018-0236 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Boosting and sustaining passion: A long-term perspective on the effects of entrepreneurship training
Gielnik, M. M., Uy, M. A., Funken, R., & Bischoff, K. M. (2017) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2017.02.003 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Behavioural entrepreneurial mindset: How entrepreneurial education activity impacts entrepreneurial intention and behaviour
Cui, J., & Bell, R. (2022) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100639 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intentions
Santos, S. C., & Liguori, E. W. (2019) · International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research · doi:10.1108/ijebr-07-2019-0436 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship intention and related outcomes in educational contexts: a meta-analysis
Martínez‐Gregorio, S., Badenes‐Ribera, L., & Oliver, A. (2021) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100545 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Age in the entrepreneurial process: The role of future time perspective and prior entrepreneurial experience.
Gielnik, M. M., Zacher, H., & Wang, M. (2018) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000322 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Entrepreneurship Unleashed: Understanding Entrepreneurial Education outside of the Business School
Turner, T., & Gianiodis, P. T. (2017) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1111/jsbm.12365 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Entrepreneurial education and learning at universities: exploring multilevel contingencies
Hahn, D., Minola, T., Gils, A. E. J. V., & Huybrechts, J. (2017) · Entrepreneurship and Regional Development · doi:10.1080/08985626.2017.1376542 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
A Dynamic Model of Entrepreneurial Uncertainty and Business Opportunity Identification: Exploration as a Mediator and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Moderator
Schmitt, A., Rosing, K., Zhang, S. X., & Leatherbee, M. (2017) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258717721482 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
The Psychology of Entrepreneurship: Action and Process
Fresé, M., & Gielnik, M. M. (2022) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-055646 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Implementation intentions in the entrepreneurial process: concept, empirical findings, and research agenda
van Gelderen, M., Kautonen, T., Wincent, J., & Biniari, M. (2017) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-017-9971-6 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Entrepreneurship and Poverty Alleviation: The Importance of Health and Children’s Education for Slum Entrepreneurs
Shepherd, D., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2020) · Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258719900774 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Clearing the Hurdles in the Entrepreneurial Race: The Role of Resilience in Entrepreneurship Education
López, M. J. G., Pérez-López, M. C., & Ariza, L. R. (2018) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2016.0377 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
A systematic review looking at the effect of entrepreneurship education on higher education student
Carpenter, A., & Wilson, R. (2021) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100541 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
What can education bring to entrepreneurship? Formal versus non-formal education
Debarliev, S., Janeska-Iliev, A., Stripeikis, O., & Zupan, B. (2020) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1080/00472778.2019.1700691 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Entrepreneurship Education in a Multidisciplinary Environment: Evidence from an Entrepreneurship Programme Held in Turin
Fiore, E., Sansone, G., & Paolucci, E. (2019) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci9010028 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Impact of Entrepreneurship Training on Entrepreneurial Efficacy and Alertness among Adolescent Youth
Ho, M.-H. R., Uy, M. A., Kang, B. N. Y., & Chan, K.-Y. (2018) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2018.00013 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Specifically, our knowledge regarding designing and improving training to promote entrepreneurship effectively is somewhat surprisingly limited (Gielnik et al., 2015).”
Background
Gender Differences in Socio-Emotional Skills and Economic Outcomes: New Evidence from 17 African Countries
Ajayi, K. F., Das, S., Delavallade, C., Ketema, T. A., & Rouanet, L. M. (2022) · World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks · doi:10.1596/1813-9450-10197 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
How Passion in Entrepreneurship Develops Over Time: A Self-Regulation Perspective
Lex, M., Gielnik, M. M., Spitzmüller, M., Jacob, G. H., & Fresé, M. (2020) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258720929894 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Psychological Training for Entrepreneurs to Take Action
Fresé, M., Gielnik, M. M., & Mensmann, M. (2016) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721416636957 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Connecting the dots
Hägg, G., & Kurczewska, A. (2016) · Education + Training · doi:10.1108/et-12-2015-0115 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions: The Role of Prior Learning Experiences and Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Competencies
Bonesso, S., Gerli, F., Pizzi, C., & Cortellazzo, L. (2018) · Journal of Small Business Management · doi:10.1111/jsbm.12399 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Locus of control, need for achievement, and entrepreneurial intention: A moderated mediation model
Uysal, Ş. K., Karadağ, H., Tuncer, B., & Şahin, F. (2021) · The International Journal of Management Education · doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100560 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Perceived social norms, psychological capital and entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students in Bukavu
Ephrem, A. N., Namatovu, R., & Basalirwa, E. M. (2019) · Education + Training · doi:10.1108/et-10-2018-0212 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Why husbands matter: Review of spousal influence on women entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa
Wolf, K., & Fresé, M. (2018) · Africa Journal of Management · doi:10.1080/23322373.2018.1428019 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
How Can Problems Be Turned Into Something Good? The Role of Entrepreneurial Learning and Error Mastery Orientation
Funken, R., Gielnik, M. M., & Foo, M. (2018) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/1042258718801600 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Investigating the effect of flow experience on learning performance and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in a business simulation systems context
Yen, W.-C., & Lin, H. (2020) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1734624 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Developing Managerial Dynamic Capabilities: A Quasi-Experimental Field Study of the Effects of Design Thinking Training
Kurtmollaiev, S., Pedersen, P. E., Fjuk, A., & Kvale, K. (2018) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2016.0187 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Measuring impact through experimental design in entrepreneurship education: A literature review and research agenda
Longva, K. K., & Foss, L. (2018) · Industry and Higher Education · doi:10.1177/0950422218804912 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Academic spinoffs: the role of entrepreneurship education
Sansone, G., Battaglia, D., Landoni, P., & Paolucci, E. (2019) · International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal · doi:10.1007/s11365-019-00601-9 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Impact of Entrepreneurial Education Programs on Total Entrepreneurial Activity: The Case of Spain
Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., García, J. C. S., & Ward, A. (2019) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci9010025 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Identifying business opportunities for sustainable development: Longitudinal and experimental evidence contributing to the field of sustainable entrepreneurship
Eller, F. J., Gielnik, M. M., Wimmer, H., Thölke, C., Holzapfel, S., Tegtmeier, S., & Halberstadt, J. (2020) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.2439 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The influence of sex and gender-role orientation in the decision to become an entrepreneur
Pérez-Quintana, A., Hormiga, E., Martori, J. C., & Madariaga, R. (2017) · International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1108/ijge-12-2015-0047 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
An exploratory study of entrepreneurs in impoverished communities: when institutional factors and individual characteristics result in non-productive entrepreneurship
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Authors: Gielnik, M. M., Frese, M., Kahara-Kawuki, A., Wasswa Katono, I., Kyejjusa, S., Ngoma, M., Munene, J., Namatovu-Dawa, R., Nansubuga, F., Orobia, L., Oyugi, J., Sejjaaka, S., Sserwanga, A., Walter, T., Bischoff, K. M., & Dlugosch, T. J.
Affiliations: Leuphana University of Lüneburg (DE)
National University of Singapore and Leuphana University, Lüneburg, Germany
Makerere University (UG)
Uganda Christian University, Kampala, Uganda
Kyambogo University (UG)
GIZ, Arusha, Tanzania
ORCID: Gielnik, Michael M.
Kyejjusa, Sarah
Ngoma, Muhammed
Munene, John
Nansubuga, Florence
Orobia, Laura
Sserwanga, Arthur
Walter, Thomas
Bischoff, Kim Marie
Venue: Academy of Management Learning & Education
Publisher: Academy of Management
Published: 2015-03
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 69-94
ISSN: 1537-260X (ISSN-L)
1944-9585
DOI: 10.5465/amle.2012.0107
OpenAlex: W2052216397
Cited by: 305
References: 176
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 18.80
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Academy of Management Learning and Education (publishedVersion)
National University of Singapore (submittedVersion)
Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences
Social Sciences › Education › Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
Keywords: entrepreneurship education, action regulation theory, entrepreneurial action, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, action planning, action knowledge, opportunity recognition, startups

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Action and action-regulation in entrepreneurship: evaluating a student training for promoting entrepreneurship

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