The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Responsiveness of children with attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder to reward and response cost: Differential impact on performance and motivation.
Abstract
Using a within-subject design and both high- and low-interest tasks, this study examined the effects of reward (R), response cost (RC), and no contingency (NR) on performance and motivation of 22 children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 22 controls. Dependent variables included performance measures, self-rated performance and motivation, and a new measure of behavioral motivation based on a 2-min postcontingency task. Both contingencies benefited some aspects of the performance of ADHD children; relative to R, RC showed stronger effects but at the expense of decreased self-rated motivation on the low-interest task. The performance of controls did not differ across tasks, whereas ADHD children performed relatively better on the high-interest task. Neither contingency decreased motivation measures relative to NR for either group. For ADHD children, motivational effects appeared to be influenced by self-perceptions of performance.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Individuals vary in sensitivity to threat or punishment, and extant research provides evidence that children with ADHD are motivated by the prospect of punishment.”
From Risk taking and sensitivity to punishment in children with ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and controls (2011) · cites this paper as Carlson and Tamm 2000
In the citing paper
“This association is consistent with previous work that ADHD was positively related to response cost (Carlson et al. 2000; Carlson and Tamm 2000).”
From Risk taking and sensitivity to punishment in children with ADHD, ODD, ADHD+ODD, and controls (2011) · cites this paper as Carlson and Tamm 2000
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Cooper, A. M., & Michels, R. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.1.128 · Cited by 7,419
Deci, E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.627 · Cited by 7,176
Drake, M. M. (1988) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.42.10.683b · Cited by 5,303
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment
Barkley, R. A., & Poillion, M. J. (1994) · Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/019874299401900205 · Cited by 4,635
A Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS)
Shaffer, D. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790100074010 · Cited by 3,716
ADHD and The Nature of Self-Control
Barkley, R. A., & Wasserstein, J. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.14.1.111 · Cited by 1,640
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment
Silver, L. B. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199107000-00040 · Cited by 1,395
Punished by Rewards: The Trouble with Gold Stars, Incentive Plans, A'S, Praise, and Other Bribes
Kohn, A. (1999) · Cited by 1,356
ADHD and the Nature of Self-Control
Hinshaw, S. P. (1998) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00004703-199806000-00010 · Cited by 1,209
Reinforcement, Reward, and Intrinsic Motivation: A Meta-Analysis
Cameron, J., & Pierce, W. D. (1994) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543064003363 · Cited by 1,153
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder : a clinical workbook
Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (1991) · Cited by 1,144
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
Park, S. E., & Demakis, G. J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_1035 · Cited by 1,091
Detrimental effects of reward: Reality or myth?
Eisenberger, R., & Cameron, J. (1996) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.51.11.1153 · Cited by 1,016
Treatment of childhood disorders
Mash, E. J., & Barkley, R. A. (1989) · Cited by 1,003
Comorbidity in ADHD: implications for research, practice, and DSM-V.
Jensen, P., Martin, D., & Cantwell, D. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199708000-00014 · Cited by 839
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Sockloff, A. L. (1978) · Evaluation and Program Planning · doi:10.1016/0149-7189(78)90080-0 · Cited by 715
Douglas, V. I. (1972) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/h0082313 · Cited by 674
Rating scales for use in drug studies with children
Conners, C. K. (1973) · Cited by 603
A revised socioeconomic index of occupational status
Stevens, G., & Featherman, D. L. (1981) · Social Science Research · doi:10.1016/0049-089x(81)90011-9 · Cited by 566
Hyperactivity, inattention, and aggression in clinical practice
Milich, R. S., & Loney, J. (1982) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · Cited by 516
Assessment of Children: WISC-IV and WPPSI-III Supplement
Sattler, J. M. (2004) · Cited by 466
Pelham, W. E., Carlson, C. L., Sams, S. E., Vallano, G., Dixon, M. J., & Hoza, B. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.3.506 · Cited by 266
Self-citationTaylor, E. A. (1991) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00002.x · Cited by 255
Effects of reward and response costs on inhibition in ADHD children.
Iaboni, F., Douglas, V. I., & Baker, A. G. (1995) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.1.232 · Cited by 200
RITALIN VS. RESPONSE COST IN THE CONTROL OF HYPERACTIVE CHILDREN: A WITHIN‐SUBJECT COMPARISON
Rapport, M. D., Murphy, H. A., & Bailey, J. S. (1982) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1982.15-205 · Cited by 168
Effects of reward and nonreward on frustration and attention in attention deficit disorder
Douglas, V. I., & Parry, P. A. (1994) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf02168075 · Cited by 166
Understanding troubled and troubling youth
Leone, P. E. (1990) · Cited by 153
Bear, R., & Nietzel, M. T. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2004_9 · Cited by 137
Firestone, P., & Douglas, V. I. (1976) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00916751 · Cited by 136
Oosterlaan, J., & Sergeant, J. A. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1022650216978 · Cited by 124
DuPaul, G. J., Anastopoulos, A. D., Shelton, T. L., Guevremont, D. C., & Metevia, L. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Child Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp2104_10 · Cited by 124
Ros�n, L. A., O'Ĺeary, S. G., Joyce, S., Conway, G., & Pfiffner, L. J. (1984) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00916852 · Cited by 123
The peer context of troublesome child and adolescent behavior.
Dishion, T. J. (1990) · Cited by 120
THE EFFICACY OF ALL‐POSITIVE MANAGEMENT AS A FUNCTION OF THE PRIOR USE OF NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES
Pfiffner, L. J., & O'Ĺeary, S. G. (1987) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1987.20-265 · Cited by 98
Pelham, W. E., Milich, R. S., & Walker, J. L. (1986) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.95.4.319 · Cited by 79
Effects of Reward and Response Cost on the Performance and Motivation of Children with ADHD
Carlson, C. L., Mann, M., & Alexander, D. K. (2000) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1005455009154 · Cited by 77
Self-citationMilich, R. S. (1994) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.1994.12085692 · Cited by 75
Behavioral comparisons of hyperactive and normally active children in natural settings
Zentall, S. S. (1980) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00918164 · Cited by 65
Ames, C., & Ames, R. E. (1989) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 62
CAN SKINNERIAN THEORY EXPLAIN ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER? — A REPLY TO BARKLEY
Douglas, V. I. (1989) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-036508-4.50018-7 · Cited by 56
Effects of color stimulation on performance and activity of hyperactive and nonhyperactive children.
Zentall, S. S. (1986) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0663.78.2.159 · Cited by 51
Maintenance following reward and cost token programs
Sullivan, M. A., & O'Ĺeary, S. G. (1990) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80195-9 · Cited by 48
Outcome assessment of psychotherapy.
VandenBos, G. R. (1996) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.51.10.1005 · Cited by 48
Solanto, M. V. (1990) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00819.x · Cited by 40
Self-control behavior in hyperactive and nonhyperactive children
ROSENBAUM, M. S., & Baker, E. (1984) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00910670 · Cited by 38
Outcome assessment of psychotherapy.
VandenBos, G. R. (1996) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.51.10.1005 · Cited by 36
The Performance of Hyperactive and Normal Boys Under Differing Reward and Punishment Schedules
Cunningham, S., & Knights, R. M. (1978) · Journal of Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1093/jpepsy/3.4.195 · Cited by 30
Effects of positive and negative feedback on behavior control in hyperactive and normal boys
Worland, J. (1976) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00922530 · Cited by 23
European approaches to hyperkinetic disorder.
Sergeant, J. A. (1995) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) · Cited by 23
Handbook of Behavior Therapy and Pharmacotherapy for Children: A Comparative Analysis
Hasselt, V. B. V., & Hersen, M. (1993) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) · Cited by 18
Conduct and Attention Deficit Disorders
Carlson, C. L., & Lahey, B. B. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0905-5_25 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Achenbach, 1983, Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist.
- 1980, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
- Barkley, 1989, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder., 39
- 10.2307/1170677 · DOI · Paper page
- Douglas, 1983, Attention and cognitive problems., 280
- Douglas, 1985b, The response of ADD children to reinforcement: Theoretical and clinical implications., 49
- Dunn, 1981, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised.
- 10.1037/0003-066X.51.11.1153 · DOI · Paper page
- Hinshaw, 1993, Behavioral treatment., 233
- Quay, 1983, Interim manual for Revised Behavior Checklist.
- Van der Meere, 1995, The effect of reward on sustained attention in ADHD children with and without CD., 241
Cited by
Sorted by citations
An opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance
Kurzban, R., Duckworth, A., Kable, J. W., & Myers, J. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12003196 · Cited by 1,381
Frazier, T. W., Demaree, H. A., & Youngstrom, E. A. (2004) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.543 · Cited by 792
Frazier, T. W., Youngstrom, E. A., Glutting, J. J., & Watkins, M. W. (2007) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/00222194070400010401 · Cited by 700
The impact of reinforcement contingencies on AD/HD: A review and theoretical appraisal
Luman, M., Oosterlaan, J., & Sergeant, J. A. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.11.001 · Cited by 541
Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie
Lehmkuhl, U. (2000) · Cited by 404
Metadata
- Authors
- Carlson, C. L., & Tamm, L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- ORCID
- Tamm, Leanne
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 2000-02
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-83
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W2018564817
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r29mh049827-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH49827)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, reward, response cost, behavioral contingencies, motivation, task performance, task interest, self-perceived performance, children
- MeSH terms
- Achievement, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Discrimination Learning, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Psychomotor Performance, Self Concept, Token Economy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
