The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Self-Criticism, Dependency, Self-Esteem, and Grade Point Average Satisfaction Among Clusters of Perfectionists and Nonperfectionists.
Abstract
Cluster analyses using the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R; R. B. Slaney, M. Mobley, J. Trippi, J. Ashby, & D. G. Johnson, 1996) yielded 3 clusters that represented adaptive perfectionists, maladaptive perfectionists, and nonperfectionists. Maladaptive perfectionist scores were strongly correlated with self-critical depression, but not dependent depression. Adaptive perfectionist scores were correlated with higher self-esteem and greater satisfaction with grade point average (GPA). It was hypothesized that satisfaction with GPA would moderate the relationship between cluster membership and GPA, and that participant gender would moderate the relationship between cluster membership and self-esteem. Neither hypothesis was supported. A comparison of the cluster groups from this sample with those in 2 previous samples (K. G. Rice & R. B. Slaney, 2002) indicated similar scores between clusters. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3352 · Cited by 36,654
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Hierarchical Grouping to Optimize an Objective Function
Ward, J. H. (1963) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1963.10500845 · Cited by 20,598
Everitt, B. J., Landau, S., & Leese, M. (1974) · Cited by 9,168
(1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 5,872
The dimensions of perfectionism
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01172967 · Cited by 4,279
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.456 · Cited by 3,378
Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes.
Archer, D., Kimes, D. D., Robinson, J. P., & Shaver, P. R. (1976) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2063857 · Cited by 1,830
Gender differences in self-esteem: A meta-analysis.
Kling, K. C., Hyde, J. S., Showers, C. J., & Buswell, B. N. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.4.470 · Cited by 1,438
Cited by
Richardson, M., Abraham, C., & Bond, R. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0026838 · Cited by 3,646
Positive Conceptions of Perfectionism: Approaches, Evidence, Challenges
Stoeber, J., & Otto, K. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_2 · Cited by 1,779
Komarraju, M., Karau, S. J., & Schmeck, R. R. (2009) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2008.07.001 · Cited by 714
Self-Compassion Increases Self-Improvement Motivation
Breines, J. G., & Chen, S. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167212445599 · Cited by 621
Test anxiety, perfectionism, goal orientation, and academic performance
Eum, K., & Rice, K. G. (2011) · Anxiety, Stress, & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2010.488723 · Cited by 273
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Grzegorek, J. L., Slaney, R. B., Franze, S., & Rice, K. G.
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 2004-04
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 192-200
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2040821955
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 57
- FWCI
- 9.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Self-Criticism, Dependency, Self-Esteem, and Grade Point Average Satisfaction Among Clusters of Perfectionists and Nonperfectionists. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0022-0167.51.2.192
- The paper
- Grzegorek, J. L., Slaney, R. B., Franze, S., & Rice, K. G. (2004). Self-Criticism, Dependency, Self-Esteem, and Grade Point Average Satisfaction Among Clusters of Perfectionists and Nonperfectionists. Journal of Counseling Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.2.192
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
