The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people
Abstract
Three studies are reported that examine the relations between personality and happiness or subjective well-being. It is argued that (a) one set of traits influences positive affect or satisfaction, whereas a different set of traits influences negative affect or dissatisfaction; (b) the former set of traits can be reviewed as components of extraversion, and the latter as components of neuroticism; and (c) personality differences antedate and predict differences in happiness over a period of 10 years, thus ruling out the rival hypothesis that temporary moods or states account for the observed relations. A model of individual differences in happiness is presented, and the separate and complementary roles of trait and adaptation-level theories in explaining happiness are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Consistent with previous studies of personality and affective reactivity (Costa & McCrae, 1980; Larsen & Ketelaar, 1991), Neuroticism correlated positively with usage of several different negative emotion word categories, including Anxiety/Fear, Sadness, Anger, and total Negative Emotions (Table 1; Figure S1).”
From Personality in 100,000 Words: A large-scale analysis of personality and word use among bloggers (2010) · cites this paper as Costa & McCrae, 1980
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Diener, E. (1984) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_2 · Cited by 12,609
The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success?
Lyubomirsky, S., King, L., & Diener, E. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803 · Cited by 7,143
“…et al., 1981 396 Chicago Attitude Inventory Extraversion 2–10 years .20 Costa et al., 1981 114 Chicago Attitude Inventory Extraversion 10–17 years .24 Costa & McCrae, 1980a 234 Bradburn’s Scales Extraversion 10 years .23 Harker & Keltner, 2001a 104 FACS Duchenne smile Self-rated affiliation 22…”
InfluentialA Measure of Subjective Happiness: Preliminary Reliability and Construct Validation
Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1006824100041 · Cited by 4,071
“…adaptation levels (Brick-man and Campbell, 1971; see also Michalos, 1985; Parducci, 1984), goals (Emmons, 1986; Omodei and Wearing, 1990), life events (Headey and Wearing, 1989), and dispositional factors (Costa and McCrae, 1980, 1984) have each been viewed as important determinants of happiness.”
BackgroundMethodComparison of two modes of stress measurement: Daily hassles and uplifts versus major life events
Kanner, A. D., Coyne, J. C., Schaefer, C. A., & Lazarus, R. S. (1981) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00844845 · Cited by 3,128
Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2004) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/0144665031752934 · Cited by 2,957
“It has been argued that it is counter-intuitive to regard happiness and sadness as unrelated constructs ( Costa & McCrae, 1980 ) and indeed all measures of PA and NA developed prior to the PANAS have proven at least moderately negatively correlated.”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1980
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 668-678
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2157483908
- Cited by
- 2,652
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 79 · 2021: 92 · 2020: 134 · 2019: 98 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 107 · 2016: 97 · 2015: 108 · 2014: 119 · 2013: 100 · 2012: 101
- FWCI
- 16.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- extraversion, neuroticism, subjective well-being, happiness, positive affect, negative affect, personality traits, adaptation-level theory
- MeSH terms
- Extraversion, Psychological, Happiness, Humans, Male, Neurotic Disorders, Personal Satisfaction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
