A Measure of Subjective Happiness: Preliminary Reliability and Construct Validation
Open accessThe claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Subjective well-being was noted as a synonym of happiness.
“SWB was noted as a synonym of happiness,116”
From Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time (2016) · cites this paper as [116]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,406 · see citing works
The satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768 · see citing works
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126 · see citing works
Back-translation for cross-cultural research.
Brislin, R. W. (1970) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/135910457000100301 · Cited by 14,091 · see citing works
Flow: the psychology of optimal experience
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0597 · Cited by 12,652 · see citing works
Diener, E. (1984) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2350-6_2 · Cited by 11,469 · see citing works
The social readjustment rating scale
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4 · Cited by 11,174 · see citing works
ФАКТОРЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО БЛАГОПОЛУЧИЯ ЛЮДЕЙ ПОЖИЛОГО ВОЗРАСТА
М.Р., Н., & С.И., Б. (2026) · CyberLeninK (CyberLeninka) · doi:10.60797/irj.2026.170.43 · Cited by 7,967 · see citing works
Optimism, coping, and health: Assessment and implications of generalized outcome expectancies.
Scheier, M. F., & Carver, C. S. (1985) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.4.3.219 · Cited by 6,690 · see citing works
Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1975) · Cited by 5,690 · see citing works
Depression. Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects.
(1968) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-68-2-502 · Cited by 5,232 · see citing works
The Structure of Psychological Well-Being.
Mechanic, D., & Bradburn, N. M. (1970) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2093340 · Cited by 4,925 · see citing works
Madison, P., & Mischel, W. (1968) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421067 · Cited by 4,395 · see citing works
Social Indicators of Well-Being
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2253-5 · Cited by 3,671 · see citing works
Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.38.4.668 · Cited by 2,652 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…adaptation levels (Brick-man and Campbell, 1971; see also Michalos, 1985; Parducci, 1984), goals (Emmons, 1986; Omodei and Wearing, 1990), life events (Headey and Wearing, 1989), and dispositional factors (Costa and McCrae, 1980, 1984) have each been viewed as important determinants of happiness.”
BackgroundMethodInfluence of extraversion and neuroticism on subjective well-being: Happy and unhappy people.
Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.38.4.668 · Cited by 2,648 · see citing works
Social Indicators of Well-Being: Americans' Perceptions of Life Quality
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,409 · see citing works
Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00298.x · Cited by 2,383 · see citing works
Assessing Subjective Well-Being: Progress and Opportunities
Diener, E. (1994) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf01207052 · Cited by 2,317 · see citing works
The person and the situation: perspectives of social psychology
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-3604 · Cited by 2,205 · see citing works
Sears, D. O. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.3.515 · Cited by 2,138 · see citing works
Cantril, H. (1965) · Cited by 2,003 · see citing works
Pavot, W., Diener, E., Colvin, C. R., & Sandvik, E. (1991) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5701_17 · Cited by 1,866 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Furthermore, convergence between self-reports and peer-reports provides evidence for the long-term nature of happiness (Pavot et al., 1991).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialFlow. The Psychology of Optimal Experience. New York (HarperPerennial) 1990.
Csíkszentmihályi, M. (1990) · Cited by 1,864 · see citing works
Personal strivings: An approach to personality and subjective well-being.
Emmons, R. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.5.1058 · Cited by 1,715 · see citing works
Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative?
Brickman, P., Coates, D., & Janoff‐Bulman, R. (1978) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.36.8.917 · Cited by 1,707 · see citing works
(1985) · Cited by 1,630 · see citing works
Argyle, M. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315812212 · Cited by 1,549 · see citing works
The stability of behavior: I. On predicting most of the people much of the time.
Epstein, S. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.7.1097 · Cited by 1,468 · see citing works
Bem, D. J., & Allen, A. (1974) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0037130 · Cited by 1,292 · see citing works
Personality, life events, and subjective well-being: Toward a dynamic equilibrium model.
Headey, B., & Wearing, A. J. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.4.731 · Cited by 1,224 · see citing works
Hedonic relativism and planning the good society
Brickman, P., & Campbell, D. T. (1971) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,176 · see citing works
Americans View Their Mental Health, 1957
Gurin, G., Veroff, J., & Feld, S. (1984) · ICPSR Data Holdings · doi:10.3886/icpsr03503 · Cited by 1,111 · see citing works
Lemon, B. W., Bengtson, V. L., & Peterson, J. A. (1972) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/27.4.511 · Cited by 990 · see citing works
Multiple discrepancies theory (MDT)
Michalos, A. C. (1985) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00333288 · Cited by 926 · see citing works
Profiting from controversy: Lessons from the person-situation debate.
Kenrick, D. T., & Funder, D. C. (1988) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.43.1.23 · Cited by 854 · see citing works
Aggregation and beyond: Some basic issues on the prediction of behavior
Epstein, S. J. (1983) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1983.tb00338.x · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Multiple Discrepancies Theory (MDT)
Michalos, A. C. (2005) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/1-4020-3742-2_13 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Veenhoven, R. (1994) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf01078732 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Kozma, A., & Stones, M. J. (1980) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/35.6.906 · Cited by 327 · cited 3× · see citing works
“, 1960); instruments developed to measure happiness in geriatric populations (e.g., MUNSH; Kozma and Stones, 1980); and scales that tap various aspects of psychological functioning in addition to well-being (e.”
BackgroundHedonic consequences of social comparison: A contrast of happy and unhappy people.
Lyubomirsky, S., & Ross, L. D. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1141 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citationConvergences and challenges in the search for consistency.
Mischel, W. (1984) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.39.4.351 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Hedonic consequences of social comparison: A contrast of happy and unhappy people.
Lyubomirsky, S., & Ross, L. D. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.73.6.1141 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Self-citationOmodei, M. M., & Wearing, A. J. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.4.762 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
The Pursuit of Happiness: Who Is Happy - and Why?
Myers, D. G. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Psychological Distress/Well-Being and Cognitive Functioning Measures
Stewart, A. L., Ware, J. E., Sherbourne, C. D., & Wells, K. B. (1992) · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Lyubomirsky, S., & Ross, L. D. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.76.6.988 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationSubjective Well-Being and Personality
Diener, E. (1998) · The Plenum series in social/clinical psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8580-4_13 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Emotions Research: Some Promising Questions and Some Questionable Promises
Zajonc, R. B., & McIntosh, D. N. (1992) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00261.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Eysenck, M. W. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Value Judgments: Toward a Relational Theory of Happiness
Parducci, A. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-8251-5_1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Dupuy, H. J. (1978) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t04083-000 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Personal Control and the Ecology of Community Living Settings: Beyond Living-Unit Size and Type
Stancliffe, R. J., Abery, B. H., & Smith, J. (2000) · American Journal on Mental Retardation · doi:10.1352/0895-8017(2000)105
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Costa, P. T., Jr., McCrae, R. R.: 1984, 'Personality as a lifelong determinant of well-being', in C. Malatesa and C. Izard (eds.), Affective Processes in Adult Development and Aging (Sage Publishing, Beverly Hills, CA), pp. 141-157.
- Juster, F. T. and F. P. Stafford (eds.): 1985, Time, Goods, and Well-Being (Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI).
- Lyubomirsky, S.: 1994, 'The hedonic consequences of social comparison: Impli- cations for enduring happiness and transient mood', unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Psychology, Stanford University.
- Michalos, A. C.: 1985, 'Multiple Discrepancy Theory (MDT)', Social Indicators Research 16, pp. 347-413.
- Mischel, W.: 1984, 'Convergence and challenges in the search of consistency', American Psychologist 39, pp. 351-364.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Positive Psychology Progress: Empirical Validation of Interventions.
Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.60.5.410 · Cited by 5,947 · see citing works
New well-being measures: Short scales to assess flourishing and positive and negative feelings
Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Tov, W., Kim-Prieto, C., Choi, D.-W., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2010) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9493-y · Cited by 4,980 · see citing works
The meaning in life questionnaire: assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life
Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80 · Cited by 4,843 · see citing works
Pursuing Happiness: The Architecture of Sustainable Change
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111 · Cited by 3,203 · see citing works
Self-citationThompson, E. R. (2007) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022106297301 · Cited by 2,399 · see citing works
The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography.
McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J.-A. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.82.1.112 · Cited by 3,664 · see citing works
A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program
Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21923 · Cited by 2,253 · see citing works
The challenge of defining wellbeing
Dodge, R., Daly, A., Huyton, J., & Sanders, L. (2012) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v2i3.4 · Cited by 2,166 · see citing works
Maximizing versus satisficing: Happiness is a matter of choice.
Schwartz, B. N., Ward, A. C., Monterosso, J. R., Lyubomirsky, S., White, K., & Lehman, D. R. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.5.1178 · Cited by 1,829 · see citing works
Self-citationOn the promotion of human flourishing
VanderWeele, T. J. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1702996114 · Cited by 1,387 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Self‐Compassion and Well‐Being: A Meta‐Analysis
Zessin, U., Dickhäuser, O., & Garbade, S. (2015) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12051 · Cited by 1,237 · see citing works
Emotional experience improves with age: Evidence based on over 10 years of experience sampling
Carstensen, L. L., Turan, B., Scheibe, S., Ram, N., Ersner-Hershfield, H., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., Brooks, K. P., & Nesselroade, J. R. (2011) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0021285 · Cited by 1,223 · see citing works
Self‐Compassion Versus Global Self‐Esteem: Two Different Ways of Relating to Oneself
Neff, K. D., & Vonk, R. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00537.x · Cited by 1,258 · see citing works
Refining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being.
Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Shultz, J. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.138 · Cited by 1,794 · see citing works
Neff, K. D., Rude, S. S., & Kirkpatrick, K. L. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2006.08.002 · Cited by 1,224 · see citing works
Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M., & Joseph, S. (2008) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385 · Cited by 1,237 · see citing works
To Do or to Have? That Is the Question.
Leaf Van Boven, A., & Gilovich, T. D. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.6.1193 · Cited by 1,199 · see citing works
Diener, E., Wirtz, D., Biswas‐Diener, R., Tov, W., Kim‐Prieto, C., Choi, D., & Oishi, S. (2009) · Social indicators research series · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2354-4_12 · Cited by 1,191 · see citing works
The relationship between nature connectedness and happiness: a meta-analysis
Capaldi, C. A., Dopko, R. L., & Zelenski, J. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00976 · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
“, 1988), the Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky and Lepper, 1999), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al.”
MethodPositive Psychology in Clinical Practice
Lee Duckworth, A., Steen, T. A., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.144154 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
Advances and Open Questions in the Science of Subjective Well-Being
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Oishi, S. (2018) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.115 · Cited by 1,149 · see citing works
The Assessment of Present-Moment Awareness and Acceptance: The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale
Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191107311467 · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Lyubomirsky, S. (2001) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.56.3.239 · Cited by 995 · see citing works
Self-citationPittman, M., & Reich, B. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.084 · Cited by 907 · see citing works
Kim, J., & Lee, J.-E. R. (2011) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0374 · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Young Adult Psychological Outcome After Puberty Suppression and Gender Reassignment
de Vries, A. L. C., McGuire, J. K., Steensma, T. D., Wagenaar, E. C. F., DORELEIJERS, T. A. H., & Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T. (2014) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-2958 · Cited by 931 · see citing works
Steger, M. F., Oishi, S., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760802303127 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Boehm, J. K., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027448 · Cited by 909 · see citing works
The welfare effects of social media
Allcott, H., Braghieri, L., Eichmeyer, S., & Gentzkow, M. (2020) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20190658 · Cited by 857 · see citing works
A single-item measure of social identification: reliability, validity, and utility
Postmes, T., Haslam, S. A., & Jans, L. (2013) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12006 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Prosocial Spending and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal
Aknin, L. B., Barrington-Leigh, C. P., Dunn, E. W., Helliwell, J. F., Burns, J., Biswas‐Diener, R., Kemeza, I., Nyende, P., Ashton-James, C. E., & Norton, M. I. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031578 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
The Self-Compassion Scale is a Valid and Theoretically Coherent Measure of Self-Compassion
Neff, K. D. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0479-3 · Cited by 805 · see citing works
The reliability of subjective well-being measures
Krueger, A. B., & Schkade, D. A. (2008) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2007.12.015 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Lyubomirsky, S., Dickerhoof, R., Boehm, J. K., & Sheldon, K. M. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0022575 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Self-citationHappiness in Everyday Life: The Uses of Experience Sampling
Csikszentmihalyi, M., & Hunter, J. (2003) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1023/a:1024409732742 · Cited by 717 · see citing works
The relationship between nature connectedness and eudaimonic well-being: A meta-analysis
Pritchard, A., Richardson, M., Sheffield, D., & McEwan, K. (2020) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-019-00118-6 · Cited by 702 · see citing works
Doing the Right Thing: Measuring Well-Being for Public Policy
Seligman, M. E. P., Forgeard, M. J. C., Jayawickreme, E., & Kern, M. L. (2011) · International Journal of Wellbeing · doi:10.5502/ijw.v1i1.15 · Cited by 719 · see citing works
Friends with benefits: On the positive consequences of pet ownership.
McConnell, A. R., Brown, C. M., Shoda, T. M., Stayton, L. E., & Martin, C. E. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0024506 · Cited by 704 · see citing works
Concepts and measures related to connection to nature: Similarities and differences
Tam, K. (2013) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2013.01.004 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
The curiosity and exploration inventory-II: Development, factor structure, and psychometrics
Kashdan, T. B., Gallagher, M. W., Silvia, P. J., Winterstein, B. P., Breen, W. E., Terhar, D., & Steger, M. F. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.04.011 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Factor structure and validity of a trait emotional intelligence measure
Saklofske, D. H., Austin, E. J., & Minski, P. S. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00056-9 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Quoidbach, J., Berry, E. V., Hansenne, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.048 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Linton, M.-J., Dieppe, P., & Medina-Lara, A. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010641 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Health benefits: Meta-analytically determining the impact of well-being on objective health outcomes
Howell, R. T., Kern, M. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2007) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437190701492486 · Cited by 627 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Interactions and Well-Being
Sandstrom, G. M., & Dunn, E. W. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167214529799 · Cited by 637 · see citing works
Nelson, S. K., Kushlev, K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035444 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relation between emotional intelligence and subjective well-being: A meta-analytic investigation
Sánchez‐Álvarez, N., Extremera, N., & Fernández‐Berrocal, P. (2015) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2015.1058968 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
The NR-6: a new brief measure of nature relatedness
Nisbet, E. K., & Zelenski, J. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00813 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
The Hierarchical Structure of Well‐Being
Gallagher, M. W., Lopez, S. J., & Preacher, K. J. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00573.x · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Making a Life Worth Living: Neural Correlates of Well-Being
Urry, H. L., Nitschke, J. B., Dolski, I., Jackson, D. C., Dalton, K. M., Mueller, C. J., Rosenkranz, M. A., Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H., & Davidson, R. J. (2004) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00686.x · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Future time perspective: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Kooij, D. T. A. M., Kanfer, R., Betts, M., & Rudolph, C. W. (2018) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000306 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Alone and without purpose: Life loses meaning following social exclusion
Stillman, T. F., Baumeister, R. F., Lambert, N. M., Crescioni, A. W., DeWall, C. N., & Fincham, F. D. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.007 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Happy People Become Happier through Kindness: A Counting Kindnesses Intervention
Otake, K., Shimai, S., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Otsui, K., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2006) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-005-3650-z · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Chen, S. X., Benet‐Martínez, V., & Bond, M. H. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00505.x · Cited by 543 · see citing works
THE HAPPINESS FACTOR IN TOURISM: SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AND SOCIAL TOURISM
McCabe, S., & Johnson, S. (2013) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.001 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Deters, F. G., & Mehl, M. R. (2013) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550612469233 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
Leventhal, A. M., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000003 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Curry, O. S., Rowland, L. A., Van Lissa, C. J., Zlotowitz, S., McAlaney, J., & Whitehouse, H. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2018.02.014 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
The General Belongingness Scale (GBS): Assessing achieved belongingness
Malone, G. P., Pillow, D. R., & Osman, A. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.027 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Happiness and Feeling Connected
Zelenski, J. M., & Nisbet, E. K. L. (2012) · Environment and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0013916512451901 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions to improve mental wellbeing
van Agteren, J., Iasiello, M., Lo, L., Bartholomaeus, J., Kopsaftis, Z., Carey, M., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01093-w · Cited by 510 · see citing works
The relation of economic status to subjective well-being in developing countries: A meta-analysis.
Howell, R. T., & Howell, C. J. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.4.536 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Busseri, M. A., & Sadava, S. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310391271 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
Kashdan, T. B., Stiksma, M. C., Disabato, D. J., McKnight, P. E., Bekier, J., Kaji, J., & Lazarus, R. (2017) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2017.11.011 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Aknin, L. B., Dunn, E. W., & Norton, M. I. (2011) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-011-9267-5 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Thankful for the little things: A meta-analysis of gratitude interventions.
Davis, D. E., Choe, E. J. Y., Meyers, J. P., Wade, N. G., Varjas, K. M., Gifford, A., Quinn, A., Hook, J. N., Tongeren, D. R. V., Griffin, B. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000107 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Borgonovi, F. (2008) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.011 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Mapping the Evolution of Social Research and Data Science on 30 Years of Social Indicators Research
Aria, M., Misuraca, M., & Spano, M. (2020) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-020-02281-3 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
The Discrete Emotions Questionnaire: a new tool for measuring state self-reported emotions
Harmon-Jones, C., Bastian, B., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159915 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Measuring Well-Being: A Review of Instruments
Cooke, P. J., Melchert, T. P., & Connor, K. (2016) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/0011000016633507 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Different types of well-being? A cross-cultural examination of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being
Disabato, D. J., Goodman, F. R., Kashdan, T. B., Short, J. L., & Jarden, A. (2016) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000209 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Nelis, D., Kotsou, I., Quoidbach, J., Hansenne, M., Weytens, F., Dupuis, P., & Mikolajczak, M. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0021554 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
It's not just the amount that counts: Balanced need-satisfaction also affects well-being
Sheldon, K. M., & Niemiec, C. P. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.2.331 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Developing Credible Vulnerability Indicators for Climate Adaptation Policy Assessment
Eriksen, S., & Kelly, P. (2007) · Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change · doi:10.1007/s11027-006-3460-6 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Mindfulness training for adolescents with externalizing disorders and their parents
Bögels, S., Hoogstad, B., van Dun, L., de Schutter, S., & Restifo, K. (2008) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465808004190 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
What are the differences between happiness and self-esteem?
Lyubomirsky, S., Tkach, C., & DiMatteo, M. R. (2006) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-005-0213-y · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Self-citationThe meaningful life in Japan and the United States: Levels and correlates of meaning in life
Steger, M. F., Kawabata, Y., Shimai, S., & Otake, K. (2007) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.09.003 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Achieving Sustainable Gains in Happiness: Change Your Actions, not Your Circumstances*
Sheldon, K. M., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-005-0868-8 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Self-citationFroh, J. J., Kashdan, T. B., Ozimkowski, K. M., & Miller, N. (2009) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760902992464 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Tkach, C., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2006) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-005-4754-1 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale)
Lukat, J., Margraf, J., Lutz, R., van der Veld, W. M., & Becker, E. S. (2016) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0111-x · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Can seeking happiness make people unhappy? Paradoxical effects of valuing happiness.
Mauss, I. B., Tamir, M., Anderson, C. L., & Savino, N. S. (2011) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0022010 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Soga, M., Evans, M. J., Tsuchiya, K., & Fukano, Y. (2021) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.2248 · Cited by 389 · see citing works
Psychological interventions to foster resilience in healthcare professionals
Kunzler, A. M., Helmreich, I., Chmitorz, A., König, J., Binder, H., Wessa, M., & Lieb, K. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012527.pub2 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Positive expectancies and mental health: Identifying the unique contributions of hope and optimism
Gallagher, M. W., & Lopez, S. J. (2009) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760903157166 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
The benefits of self-compassion and optimism exercises for individuals vulnerable to depression
Shapira, L. B., & Mongrain, M. (2010) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2010.516763 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
A question of balance: Time perspective and well-being in British and Russian samples
Boniwell, I., Osin, E., Alex Linley, P., & Ivanchenko, G. V. (2010) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760903271181 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Time perspective and correlates of wellbeing
Drake, L., Duncan, E., Sutherland, F., Abernethy, C., & Henry, C. (2008) · Time & Society · doi:10.1177/0961463x07086304 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Schueller, S. M., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2010) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439761003794130 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Chaudhary, S. (2023) · Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3126/jucms.v11i01.54662 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Brasseur, S., Grégoire, J., Bourdu, R., & Mikolajczak, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062635 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Su, L., Swanson, S. R., & Chen, X. (2015) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2015.06.012 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
Sherman, R. A., Rauthmann, J. F., Brown, N. A., Serfass, D. G., & Jones, A. B. (2015) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000036 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Ruch, W., Proyer, R. T., Harzer, C., Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2010) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000022 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Nelson, S. K., Kushlev, K., English, T., Dunn, E. W., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2012) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797612447798 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Self-citationJazaieri, H., McGonigal, K. M., Jinpa, T., Doty, J. R., Gross, J. J., & Goldin, P. R. (2013) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-013-9368-z · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Letzring, T. D., Block, J., & Funder, D. C. (2004) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.06.003 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
The Social Psychology of Compassion
Radey, M. D., & Figley, C. R. (2007) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-007-0087-3 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Multivariate genome-wide analyses of the well-being spectrum
BIOS consortium, Baselmans, B. M. L., Social Science Genetic Association Consortium, Jansen, R., Ip, H. F., van Dongen, J., Abdellaoui, A., van de Weijer, M. P., Bao, Y., Smart, M., et al. (2019) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0320-8 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Vázquez, C., Duque, A., & Hervás, G. (2013) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2013.82 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- ORCID
- Lyubomirsky, Sonja
- Venue
- Social Indicators Research
- Published
- 1999-02
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 137-155
- ISSN
- 0303-8300 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0921
- OpenAlex
- W1800216240
- Cited by
- 4,071
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 187 · 2025: 292 · 2024: 336 · 2023: 310 · 2022: 304 · 2021: 324 · 2020: 364 · 2019: 256 · 2018: 250 · 2017: 207 · 2016: 217 · 2015: 202 · 2014: 178 · 2013: 142 · 2012: 134
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Indicators Research (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- subjective happiness, Subjective Happiness Scale, happiness measurement, scale development, reliability statistics, construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, cross-cultural validation, older adults, students, community-dwelling adults
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review