Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 822

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Narcissism: Theory and measurement.

Emmons, Robert A.·1987·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Lack of a suitable measuring device hampered the empirical study of narcissism until Raskin and Hall (1979) developed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). The NPI possesses desirable psychometric properties, and in this article I used the scale in a variety of studies. Factor analysis of the scale replicated the four-factor solution found by Emmons (1984): Leadership/Authority, Self-Absorption/Self-Admiration, Superiority/Arrogance, and Exploitiveness/Entitlement. The Exploitiveness/Entitlement subscale was found to correlate with measures of pathological narcissism and affective intensity and variability. The relevance of Linville's (1982) theory of self-complexity-affect intensity for understanding aspects of narcissism is outlined. Implications of the study of narcissism for attribution theory and research are discussed.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Cited by

See all 822

Metadata

Authors
Emmons, R. A.
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1987
Volume
52
Issue
1
Pages
11-17
ISSN
  • 1939-1315
  • 0022-3514
DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
Cited by
822
References
3
Language
en

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Narcissism: Theory and measurement. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11
The paper
Emmons, R. A. (1987). Narcissism: Theory and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.11

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.