A Narcissistic Personality Inventory.
Abstract
The immediate stimulus for developing a test of narcissism was the inclusion of a new category, the narcissistic personality disorder, in the diagnostic manual (DSM-111) being prepared by the American Psychiatric Association. The narcissistic personality disorder is defined by the following characteristics: ( 1 ) grandiose sense of one's self-irnportance; ( 2 ) preoccupation with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, o r ideal love; ( 3 ) exhibitionism; ( 4 ) responds to criticism, indifference, or defeat either with cool indifference or with marked feelungs of rage, inferiority, shame, humiliation, o r emptiness; ( 5 ) entitlement, expecting spec~al favors without assuming reciprocal responsibilities; (6) exploitativeness; ( 7 ) relationships vacillate between the extremes of overidealization and devaluation; and ( 8 ) lack of empathy. W e made up 223 items which sampled the domain of the narcissistic personality as defined by the foregoing characteristics. Each item is a pair of statements, one narcissistic and the other nonnarcissistic. Subjects are required to check one of rhe two statements. This is an example.
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Grandiose narcissism displays substantial correlation with extraversion.
“Grandiose narcissism displays substantial correlation with extraversion, while vulnerable narcissism correlates highly with introversion.”
From The Relationship between Grandiose and Vulnerable (Hypersensitive) Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Raskin and Hall, 1979
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Narcissistic self-esteem management.
Raskin, R. N., Novacek, J., & Hogan, R. T. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.60.6.911 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Self-citationBalmas, M. (2014) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650212453600 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Duplicity among the dark triad: Three faces of deceit.
Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2017) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000139 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
“The only exception is the NPI-16 used in Study 3, which used a dichotomous response format.”
InfluentialRhodewalt, F. T., Madrian, J. C., & Cheney, S. (1998) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167298241006 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Differences among dark triad components: a meta-analytic investigation
Vize, C. E., Lynam, D. R., Collison, K. L., & Miller, J. D. (2018) · Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment · doi:10.1037/per0000222 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
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DOES RUDENESS REALLY MATTER? THE EFFECTS OF RUDENESS ON TASK PERFORMANCE AND HELPFULNESS.
Porath, C. L., & Erez, A. (2007) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/20159919 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Untangling the Links between Narcissism and Self‐esteem: A Theoretical and Empirical Review
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“To test the mask model, social-personality psychologists typically measure people’s feelings of self-esteem in two different ways – overtly and covertly – and then look to see whether these differently measured views of self-esteem jointly predict people’s scores on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin…”
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“The NPI was developed primarily for use in nonclinical populations of adults (Raskin & Hall, 1979), and its construct validity has been supported in numerous previous studies (e.g., Emmons, 1984; Raskin & Terry, 1988; Watson & Biderman, 1993).”
Empathic accuracy in the interactions of male friends versus male strangers.
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Perceptions of Humility: A Preliminary Study
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“Accordingly, exploitativeness or entitlement, as measured by the NPI (Raskin & Hall, 1979), has been related to negative personality characteristics, such as neuroticism, suspicion, tenseness, and anxiety (Emmons, 1984, 1987).”
InfluentialCEO Narcissism and the Takeover Process: From Private Initiation to Deal Completion
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Unconditional self-acceptance and psychological health
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Narcissism and Self-Evaluation Maintenance: Explorations in Object Relations
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Agentic and Communal Values: Their Scope and Measurement
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The Factor Structure of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
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- Authors
- Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S.
- Affiliations
- Santa Cruz, California
- Venue
- Psychological Reports
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1979-10
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 590-590
- ISSN
- 0033-2941 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-691X
- OpenAlex
- W2312818401
- Cited by
- 1,975
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 63 · 2025: 78 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 97 · 2018: 103 · 2017: 108 · 2016: 110 · 2015: 79 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 85 · 2012: 69
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Keywords
- narcissistic personality disorder, narcissism, personality assessment, personality tests, DSM-III-R, grandiosity, entitlement, lack of empathy, exhibitionism, reply to critics
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Narcissism, Personality Disorders, Personality Inventory
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