The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Functional flexibility: A new conception of interpersonal flexibility.
Abstract
Traditional conceptions of interpersonal flexibility emphasize two critical components: (a) a widerange of interpersonal responses and (b) situational appropriateness. Most current measures arebased on standard trait ratings, which cannot address situational adjustment. In place of trait ratings,we suggest the use of capability ratings, that is, self-reports of the ease of performing social behaviorswhen required by the situation. Our proposed index of flexibility, the Functional Flexibility Index(FFI), is the composite of 16 interpersonal capabilities. In Study 1, factor analyses indicated that theFFI is distinct from other widely used flexibility measures. Study 2 supported the validity of the FFTby showing substantial correlations with peer ratings of interpersonal flexibility. In Studies 3 and 4,the FFI outperformed other flexibility measures in predicting adjustment. Another form of interper-sonal variability, situationality, is the tendency to view one's personality as being dependent on thesituation. Situational individuals reported lower self-esteem than nonsituational individuals. Mea-sures of functional flexibility and situationality were found to be orthogonal.
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“Another characteristic that heightens leaders' behavioral flexibility is their interpersonal flexibility, a personality trait that captures the ability to alter behavior in different social situations and to flexibly use a variety of behaviors in different situations”
From Leading diversity: Towards a theory of functional leadership in diverse teams. (2020) · cites this paper as Paulhus & Martin, 1988
Citations
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van Harten, E. J. (2011) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
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Chmielowice‐Szymanski, N. S., Cheng, J. T., Millett, M. A., Cillessen, A. H. N., & Lansu, T. A. M. (2026) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/01650254251414345 · Cited by 1
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“…however, higher levels of within-person variability are posited to be functional, for example in supporting adaptation to the current environment (Kashdan & Rottenberg, 2010) or in suggesting a more flexible emotional or behavioral repertoire (Coifman & Bonanno, 2009; Paulhus & Martin, 1988).”
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The strategically migrating self: self-location flexibility as a model of social competence
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Leading Diverse Teams: Look (and Deliberate) Before You Leap
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Authenticity and goal-directed behaviours and cognitions
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Metadata
- Authors
- Paulhus, D. L., & Martin, C. L.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1988-07
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 88-101
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2006407819
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 8.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Education › Social Skills and Education
- Keywords
- interpersonal flexibility, functional flexibility, situationality, self-esteem, peer ratings, personality adjustment
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