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Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect
Abstract
The effects of different types of responses to a depressed mood on the duration and severity of the mood were examined. On the basis of Nolen-Hoeksema's (1987) response styles theory of depression, it was hypothesized that distracting, active responses would be more effective in alleviating a depressed mood than would ruminative, passive responses. A depressed mood was induced in 35 male and 34 female Ss, and subjects were randomly assigned to engage in 1 of 4 types of responses: an active task that distracted them from their mood; a passive, distracting task; an active task designed to lead to ruminations about their mood; or a passive, ruminative task. As predicted, the greatest remediation of depressed mood was found in Ss in the distracting-active response condition, followed in order by the distracting-passive, ruminative-active, and ruminative-passive response conditions. Degree of rumination had a greater impact on remediation of depressive affect than level of activity, with greater rumination leading to lesser remediation of depressive affect. In addition, the effects of the response tasks were limited to depressed mood. The implications of these results for interventions with depressed persons are discussed.
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“Adversity can occur throughout life, and it can be transient even in the case of chronic illness.For example, there is evidence indicating that depressed person differ from nondepressed ones in terms of the frequency of episodes of negative affect rather than the continuity of negative affect (Morrow & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1990).”
From To Nostalgize (2015) · cites this paper as Morrow & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1990
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Objectification Theory: Toward Understanding Women's Lived Experiences and Mental Health Risks
Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T.-A. (1997) · Psychology of Women Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x · Cited by 5,531
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x · Cited by 5,172
Self-citationRumination reconsidered: a psychometric analysis.
Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1023910315561 · Cited by 3,808
Self-citationCognition and Depression: Current Status and Future Directions
Gotlib, I. H., & Joormann, J. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131305 · Cited by 2,420
Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought
Watkins, E. R. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163 · Cited by 2,421
Metadata
- Authors
- Morrow, J., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- ORCID
- Morrow, Jannay
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1990
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 519-527
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2120620747
- Cited by
- 645
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 8.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- depressive affect, rumination, distraction, response styles, active coping, passive coping, mood induction, depression treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Arousal, Attention, Depressive Disorder, Female, Hostility, Humans, Individuality, Male
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