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Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect

Morrow, Jannay, Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan·1990·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.519

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Abstract

The effects of different types of responses to a depressed mood on the duration and severity of the mood were examined. On the basis of Nolen-Hoeksema's (1987) response styles theory of depression, it was hypothesized that distracting, active responses would be more effective in alleviating a depressed mood than would ruminative, passive responses. A depressed mood was induced in 35 male and 34 female Ss, and subjects were randomly assigned to engage in 1 of 4 types of responses: an active task that distracted them from their mood; a passive, distracting task; an active task designed to lead to ruminations about their mood; or a passive, ruminative task. As predicted, the greatest remediation of depressed mood was found in Ss in the distracting-active response condition, followed in order by the distracting-passive, ruminative-active, and ruminative-passive response conditions. Degree of rumination had a greater impact on remediation of depressive affect than level of activity, with greater rumination leading to lesser remediation of depressive affect. In addition, the effects of the response tasks were limited to depressed mood. The implications of these results for interventions with depressed persons are discussed.

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Authors: Morrow, J., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
ORCID: Morrow, Jannay
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1990
Volume: 58
Issue: 3
Pages: 519-527
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.519
OpenAlex: W2120620747
Cited by: 645
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 8.33
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: depressive affect, rumination, distraction, response styles, active coping, passive coping, mood induction, depression treatment
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Arousal, Attention, Depressive Disorder, Female, Hostility, Humans, Individuality, Male

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

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Effects of responses to depression on the remediation of depressive affect

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