Cited by 1,417Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsConsumer Behavior and Marketing InfluenceSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Thinking too much: Introspection can reduce the quality of preferences and decisions.

Wilson, Timothy D., Schooler, Jonathan W.·1991·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Abstract

In Study 1, college students' preferences for different brands of strawberry jams were compared with experts' ratings of the jams. Students who analyzed why they felt the way they did agreed less with the experts than students who did not. In Study 2, college students' preferences for college courses were compared with expert opinion. Some students were asked to analyze reasons; others were asked to evaluate all attributes of all courses. Both kinds of introspection caused people to make choices that, compared with control subjects', corresponded less with expert opinion. Analyzing reasons can focus people's attention on nonoptimal criteria, causing them to base their subsequent choices on these criteria. Evaluating multiple attributes can moderate people's judgments, causing them to discriminate less between the different alternatives.

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Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.181

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Metadata

Authors
Wilson, T. D., & Schooler, J. W.
Affiliations
University of Virginia (US)
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Published
1991
Volume
60
Issue
2
Pages
181-192
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
OpenAlex
W2117268595
Cited by
1,417
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 64
FWCI
27.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01mh041841-10)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH41841)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
  • Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior and Marketing Influence
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords
self-reflection, decision quality, choice accuracy, expert opinion, brand preference, course preferences, attribute evaluation, attentional focus
MeSH terms
Adult, Choice Behavior, Decision Making, Humans, Internal-External Control, Problem Solving, Taste, Thinking

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