Cited by 336Social and Intergroup PsychologyPolitical Conflict and GovernanceDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

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Threat and authoritarianism in the United States, 1978-1987

Doty, Richard M., Peterson, Bill E., Winter, David G.·1991·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.629

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“types of threat, such as economic threat and direct threat to one’s life (see also Sales, 1973; Doty et al., 1991).”
BackgroundMethod
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“Moreover, cross-sectional research in the US has demonstrated that perceived social threats increase individual levels of authoritarianism (e.g., Altemeyer 1998; Doty et al. 1991).”
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“In terms of risk perceptions and political affiliation authors such as Wilson (1973) and Jost et al (2003a; 2003b) have suggested that those with conservative views have a tendency to minimize exposure to uncertainty and risk (Sales 1973; Doty et al, 1991; McCann, 1997).”
Background
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“According to Doty et al. (1991), people gravitate toward extremist political parties during economic downturns because they provide prescriptions for behavior and mitigate uncertainty.”
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“Prior studies have found this effect as well, as Doty, Peterson, and Winter (1991) found that periods of threat had increases in behaviors one would expect to see go along with an activation of authoritarianism (see also Sales, 1973).”
Background
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“that anxiety during times of crisis can induce a desire for security and increase support for symbols of security, such as the government or president (Doty et al. 1991; Hetherington & Suhay 2011).”
Background
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“During recessions, individuals tend to gravitate toward extremist political parties that provide prescriptions for behavior and mitigate uncertainty (Doty et al., 1991).”
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“In times of societal threat, research has shown that the endorsement of authoritarianism increases (Altemeyer, 1996; Cohrs et al., 2005; Doty et al., 1991; Duckitt & Fisher, 2003).”
Background
Individual Life Horizon Influences Attitudes Toward Democracy
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“…Stenner, 2005), as multiple studies have found that perceived threat interact with authoritarianism when it comes to opinions and behaviors regarding marginalized groups (Duckitt, 1989, 2001; Doty et al., 1991; Feldman and Stenner, 1997; Rickert, 1998; Lavine et al., 1999, 2005; Feldman, 2003).”
Background
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“A host of perceived societal threats, including threatening social and economic periods (Doty, Peterson, and Winter 1991; Feldman and Stenner 1997; McCann 2008), exposure to terrorism threats (Bonanno and Jost 2006; Davis and Silver 2004; Echebarria-Echabe and Fernandez-Guede 2006; Nail et al.…”
Background
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Historiometric Methods in Social Psychology
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“…Duckitt & Fisher, 2003; Stenner, 2005), correlational (e.g., De Keersmaecker et al., 2017; Sibley & Duckitt, 2010) and archival studies (e.g., Doty et al., 1991; McCann, 1997; Perrin, 2005; Sales, 1973) found that threat increases authoritarian and ethnocen-tric tendencies which are linked…”
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FEAR AS A CORRELATE OF AUTHORITARIANISM
Eigenberger, M. E. (1998) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.83.7.1395-1409 · Cited by 10
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“Hypotheses Individual-level independent variables Perceptions of risk promote intolerance and a reliance on stereotypes (Doty et al., 1991; Bodenhausen et al., 1994).12 As previously discussed, the literature on crisis and 12 The 9/11 terrorist attacks in the US increased the levels of fear among…”
Background
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“A common explanation is poverty: A range of studies have indicated a relationship between poverty and support for authoritarianism (e.g., Conway et al., 2017; Doty et al., 1991; Lipset, 1960/1981; McCann, 1999; Napier & Jost, 2008).”
BackgroundInfluential
Dispositional Fear and Political Attitudes
Hatemi, P., & McDermott, R. (2020) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-020-09378-1 · Cited by 8
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“, 2018) as well as economic crisis (Doty et al., 1991; Jugert and Duckitt, 2009; Kakkar and Sivanathan, 2017), but also climate change (Fritsche et al.”
Background
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“Firstly, under the banner security-based models of threat, they included anxiety-based formulations of authoritarianism (Doty et al., 1991),”
Method
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“Sales (1973) and Doty et al. (1991) have shown in archival studies that authoritarianism in the United States tends to be greater during bad times (i.e., times of grouplevel threat) than during good times.”
Background
The Authoritarian Predisposition, Perceived Threat, and Trust in Political InstitutionsPreprint
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“Economic upheavals have been associated with increases in F-scale scores (loyalty oaths, suppression of erotica, dominant cartoon characters; Sales, 1973; Sales and Friend, 1973; Doty et al., 1991).”
Background
Individual differences in need satisfaction and intentions to vote for specific political parties – results from Germany
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“Besides leading to greater intolerance towards out-groups (Doty et al, 1991; Huddy et al, 2005), perceived in-group threat tends to generate protective behaviour (Stephan et al, 1998; Zarate et al, 2004).”
Background
Authoritarianism and privacy: The moderating role of terrorism
Norris, G. (2017) · Surveillance & Society · doi:10.24908/ss.v15i3/4.6607 · Cited by 8
Right‐wing authoritarianism and majority members’ preferences for minority acculturation
Haase, A., Asbrock, F., & Rohmann, A. (2020) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2665 · Cited by 11
The Authoritarian Personality in Emerging Adulthood: Longitudinal Analysis Using Standardized Scales, Observer Ratings, and Content Coding of the Life Story
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Self-citation

Authors: Doty, R. M., Peterson, B. E., & Winter, D. G.
ORCID: Winter, David G.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1991
Volume: 61
Issue: 4
Pages: 629-640
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.629
OpenAlex: W4246222485
Cited by: 329
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 3.83
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords: authoritarianism, threat perception, political attitudes, authoritarian personality, American politics

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Threat and authoritarianism in the United States, 1978-1987

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