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Anxiety and self-disclosure: Toward a motivational model
Abstract
The self-disclosures of socially anxious and nonanxious Ss were compared within the framework of R. M. Arkin's (1981) motivational theory of social anxiety. Ss (N = 84 women) were paired with a confederate who disclosed at either a high or a low level of intimacy (i.e., the classic reciprocity paradigm). Consistent with R. M. Arkin's theory, anxious Ss were concerned with self-protection during the task and disclosed at a moderate level of intimacy regardless of their partner's behavior. In addition, anxious Ss did not reciprocate their partners' disclosures as well as did nonanxious Ss. The self-protective behaviors of the anxious Ss were associated with less liking and more discomfort on the part of their partners. This suggests that the adoption of self-protective strategies may elicit negative interpersonal reactions that maintain self-defeating interpersonal patterns in socially anxious people.
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“Closeness-generating paradigms represent one type of anxiety-provoking social context that is difficult for individuals with heightened social anxiety”
From The affective tie that binds: Examining the contribution of positive emotions and anxiety to relationship formation in social anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Meleshko & Alden, 1993
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Sedikides, C., & Strube, M. (1997) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60018-0 · Cited by 1,085
“…1987; Jussim et al., 1995; Swarm, 1987; Wood, Beech-Giordano, Taylor, Michela, & Gaus, 1994), nonshy individuals (Alden, 1987; Arkin et al., 1980; Meleshko & Alden, 1993), people high in self-concept certainty (Baumgardner, 1990) and self-concept clarity (Campbell et al., 1996), masteryoriented…”
Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Sherry, S. B., Habke, M., Parkin, M., Lam, R. W., McMurtry, B., Ediger, E., Fairlie, P., & Stein, M. B. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.6.1303 · Cited by 504
“Moreover, numerous authors have indicated that socially anxious individuals are concerned with how they appear to others, and this is reflected by reduced self-disclosure in dyadic interactions (Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
BackgroundInterpersonal processes in social phobia
Alden, L. E., & Taylor, C. T. (2004) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.07.006 · Cited by 471
Self-citationA Cognitive Behavioral Model of Social Anxiety Disorder
Heimberg, R. G., Brozovich, F. A., & Rapee, R. M. (2010) · Social Anxiety · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375096-9.00015-8 · Cited by 407
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Self-talk as a regulatory mechanism: How you do it matters.
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“Because the socially anxious are inhibited in social interactions, they self-disclose less than those who are lower in social anxiety (Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
BackgroundWeidman, A. C., Fernandez, K. C., Levinson, C. A., Augustine, A. A., Larsen, R. J., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.003 · Cited by 286
“…tend to maintain a selfprotective focus and to respond less to partners' disclosures during conversations, thereby presenting as aloof and distant (Meleshko & Alden, 1993) and often causing the people with whom they interact to experience less satisfaction and positive affect (e.g., Heerey &…”
BackgroundTowards a second-person neuropsychiatry
Schilbach, L. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0081 · Cited by 251
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BackgroundA cognitive-behavioral model of social anxiety disorder
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“…& Kowalski, 1995; Mandel & Shrauger, 1980; Pilkonis, 1977), rarely disagree with others (Leary, Knight, & Johnson, 1987), ask fewer questions (Hill, 1989), rarely self-disclose (Meleshko & Alden, 1993), and avoid eye-contact (Cheek & Buss, 1981; Garcia, Stinson, Ickes, Bissonnette, & Briggs, 1991).”
Interpersonal consequences of the pursuit of safety
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“The disclosures used in the present study were also used in previous research and found to be rated as both intimate and revealing (Meleshko and Alden, 1993).”
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Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & Rosa, T. D. (1996) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(95)00170-0 · Cited by 184
“For instance, past research has established that loneliness and social anxiety are characteristics that tend to inhibit self-disclosure (Davis & Franzoi, 1986; Meleshko & Alden, 1993 ).”
BackgroundSparrevohn, R. M., & Rapee, R. M. (2009) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2009.07.016 · Cited by 169
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“Other studies have demonstrated that socially anxious individuals tend to limit self-disclosure in conversations (Alden & Bieling, 1998; DePaulo, Epstein, & LeMay, 1990; Leary, Knight, & Johnson, 1987; Meleshko & Alden, 1993; Snell, 1989).”
ResultMontesi, J. L., Conner, B. T., Gordon, E. A., Fauber, R. L., Kim, K. H., & Heimberg, R. G. (2012) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9929-3 · Cited by 204
“Furthermore, self-disclosure of personal beliefs, preferences, and emotions is often avoided for fear of being rejected or abandoned by an intimate partner (Gilbert, 2001; Keltner & Haidt, 1999; Keltner & Kring, 1998; Leary, 2001; Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
BackgroundLeary, M. R., & Jongman-Sereno, K. P. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394427-6.00020-0 · Cited by 156
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Self-citationGreen, T., Wilhelmsen, T., Wilmots, E., Dodd, B., & Quinn, S. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.066 · Cited by 112
“People high in social anxiety desire to avoid negative social outcomes and may adopt self-protective behaviours to prevent disapproval, possibly leading to decreased selfdisclosure (Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
BackgroundModifying automatic approach action tendencies in individuals with elevated social anxiety symptoms
Taylor, C. T., & Amir, N. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.004 · Cited by 99
“…warmth and friendliness, self-disclosure, emotion expression) during interactions with strangers (e.g., Alden & Bieling, 1998; Heerey & Kring, 2007; Meleshko & Alden, 1993; Voncken, Alden, Bögels, & Röelefs, 2008) and in the context of close relationships (Davila & Beck, 2002; Grant, Beck, &…”
Effects of writing about rape: Evaluating Pennebaker's paradigm with a severe trauma
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“Because social anxiety has been associated with low disclosure to others (e.g., Meleshko & Alden, 1993 ) and depression has been associated with elevated disclosure to others (e.g., Gibbons, 1987), we hypothesized that the relationship between disclosure and improvement would be quadratic.”
BackgroundThomson, M., & Johnson, A. R. (2006) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.20125 · Cited by 98
Voncken, M. J., Alden, L. E., Bögels, S. M., & Roelofs, J. (2008) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466508x334745 · Cited by 87
Self-citationEffect of Verbal Self-Disclosure on Natural Killer Cell Activity
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“, self-monitoring, shyness, social anxiety) may be associated with a tendency to limit self-disclosure or to experience increased arousal during disclosure (6, 25, 26).”
BackgroundIs the delay discounting paradigm useful in understanding social anxiety?
Rounds, J., Beck, J. G., & Grant, D. M. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.06.007 · Cited by 84
“Lastly, Meleshko and Alden (1993) have found that socially anxious individuals are motivated to avoid social disapproval.”
BackgroundSocial anxiety predicts avoidance behaviour in virtual encounters
Rinck, M., Rörtgen, T., Lange, W., Dotsch, R., Wigboldus, D. H. J., & Becker, E. S. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930903309268 · Cited by 82
“As a result, others might experience anxious individuals as less comfortable to be with (Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
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Self-citationFrye, N. E., & Dornisch, M. M. (2010) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.016 · Cited by 74
Rowa, K., Paulitzki, J. R., Ierullo, M. D., Chiang, B., Antony, M. M., McCabe, R. E., & Moscovitch, D. A. (2014) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2014.11.004 · Cited by 77
Social context and the real-world consequences of social anxiety
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“This enabled us to test whether socially anxious individuals experience heightened NA and attenuated PA in the presence of distant others, as one would expect based on laboratory studies of interactions with unfamiliar peers and researchers (Meleshko and Alden, 1993; Creed and Funder, 1998; Coles et al., 2002; Kashdan…”
BackgroundDo interpersonal features of social anxiety influence the development of depressive symptoms?
Grant, D. M., Beck, J. G., Farrow, S. M., & Davila, J. (2007) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930600713036 · Cited by 72
“For example, Alden and colleagues had participants with and without social anxiety interact with a confederate to examine the effects of these interpersonal styles (Alden & Bieling, 1998 ; Meleshko & Alden, 1993 ).”
BackgroundReasons for disclosing depression matter: the consequences of having egosystem and ecosystem goals.
Garcia, J. A., & Crocker, J. (2008) · Social Science & Medicine (1967) · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.016 · Cited by 70
Perceived Regard Explains Self- Esteem Differences in Expressivity
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“Socially anxious people are less self-disclosing than their nonsocially anxious counterparts (Meleshko & Alden, 1993), and people who are high in attachment anxiety are less self-disclosing than people who are low in attachment anxiety (e.g., Feeney, 1999).”
BackgroundMallott, M. A., Maner, J. K., DeWall, N., & Schmidt, N. B. (2009) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20555 · Cited by 75
“First, social anxiety is associated with a tendency to overutilize dysfunctional interpersonal strategies([13]) and underutilize strategies that promote interpersonal affiliation and acceptance.([14,15]) These behavioral tendencies are likely to lead to negative social outcomes.”
BackgroundErickson, T. M., & Newman, M. G. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2006.10.005 · Cited by 71
Shyness and Marriage: Does Shyness Shape Even Established Relationships?
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“…anxious individuals do meet new people, their intense levels of social anxiety frequently lead them to behave in ways that make poor impressions (Garcia, Stinson, Ickes, Bissonnette, & Briggs, 1991; Hill, 1989; Meleshko & Alden, 1993)—likely limiting their abilities to form new relationships.”
BackgroundWooten, D. B., & Reed, A. (2000) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327663jcp0903_2 · Cited by 65
“To do so, they may speak less often (Cheek & Buss, 1981; Meleshko & Alden, 1993; Pilkonis, 1977), disclose less information about themselves (Snell, 1989), avoid expressing extreme positions (Arkin, 1981; Meleshko & Alden, 1993), or use other safe verbal response modes (Leary, Knight, & Johnson,…”
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Self-citationOut of sync: nonverbal synchrony in social anxiety disorder
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“However, in high-intimacy conversations, socially anxious individuals disclosed less compared with their nonanxious counterparts (Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
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Insecure attachment, perfectionistic self-presentation, and social disconnection in adolescents
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A Compassionate Self Is a True Self? Self-Compassion Promotes Subjective Authenticity
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“…people who are highly fearful of negative evaluation, compared with their less-fearful counterparts, disclosed for less time with an interaction partner, were rated by observers to disclose less intimately, and reciprocated their partner’s disclosure with less intimacy (Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
Hiding the Self and Social Anxiety: The Core Extrusion Schema Measure
Rodebaugh, T. (2009) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9143-0 · Cited by 63
“Meleshko and Alden (1993) demonstrated that people with higher social anxiety showed a lack of reciprocation in escalating intimacy, failing to respond to highly personally disclosing partners by being more disclosing themselves; instead, socially anxious participants disclosed at a moderate level of intimacy regardle…”
BackgroundStinson, D. A., Cameron, J. J., Wood, J. V., Gaucher, D. M., & Holmes, J. G. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167209338629 · Cited by 61
Qasmieh, N., Makol, B. A., Augenstein, T. M., Lipton, M. F., Deros, D. E., Karp, J. N., Keeley, L. M., Truong, M. L., Racz, S. J., & Reyes, A. D. L. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1040-5 · Cited by 57
Kindness reduces avoidance goals in socially anxious individuals
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Self-citationVoncken, M. J., & Dijk, K. F. L. (2013) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9449-4 · Cited by 54
“That is, people with social anxiety are more negatively evaluated than people without social anxiety (Alden and Wallace 1995; Creed and Funder 1998; Heerey and Kring 2007; Meleshko and Alden 1993; Pilkonis 1977; Voncken et al. 2008).”
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Self-citationScared of compassion: Fear of compassion in anxiety, mood, and non‐clinical groups
Merritt, O. A., & Purdon, C. L. (2020) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12250 · Cited by 54
Jackson, T. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.04.012 · Cited by 53
Responses to Conflict and Cooperation in Adolescents with Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Tone, E. B., Parrish, J. M., Nelson, E. E., Easter, J. S., Thorne, J. F., Rilling, J. K., Ernst, M., & Pine, D. S. (2007) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9113-8 · Cited by 51
“Such a self-protective pattern of behavior has been associated in prior studies with limited self-disclosure and a tendency to distance oneself from others, which in turn have been shown to elicit negative reactions from peers (Meleshko & Alden, 1993; Pilkington & Richardson, 1988).”
Humor styles impact the relationship between symptoms of social anxiety and depression
Tucker, R. P., Judah, M. R., O’Keefe, V. M., Mills, A. C., Lechner, W. V., Davidson, C. L., Grant, D. M., & Wingate, L. R. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.07.008 · Cited by 48
Weidman, A. C., & Levinson, C. A. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.045 · Cited by 55
“…et al., 2013); they may lack assertiveness, suppress their emotions, show disinterest in conversational partners, and avoid engaging in intimate conversations with close others (Davila & Beck, 2002; Kashdan & Steger, 2006; Meleshko & Alden, 1993; Sparrevohn & Rapee, 2009; Wallace & Alden, 1997).”
BackgroundInfluentialTaylor, C. T., Pearlstein, S. L., & Stein, M. B. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.03.007 · Cited by 47
“Closeness-generating paradigms represent one type of anxietyprovoking social context that is difficult for individuals with heightened social anxiety (e.g., Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
Lundy, B. L., & Drouin, M. A. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.004 · Cited by 48
Erickson, T. M., Newman, M. G., Siebert, E. C., Carlile, J. A., Scarsella, G. M., & Abelson, J. L. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.08.003 · Cited by 39
Social anxiety and its psychosocial impact on the lives of people with epilepsy
Heersink, M., Kocovski, N. L., MacKenzie, M. B., Denomme, K., & Macrodimitris, S. D. (2015) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.08.003 · Cited by 39
“Individuals high in social anxiety are less likely to self-disclose personal information [18]; therefore, it is likely that social anxiety is related to the degree to which PWE disclose their epilepsy diagnosis.”
BackgroundCarey, T. A., Kelly, R. E., Mansell, W., & Tai, S. J. (2012) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x12000037 · Cited by 37
“This process is exaggerated in anxious individuals and has counterproductive effects (Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
BackgroundBögels, S. M., & Voncken, M. J. (2008) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1680/ijct.2008.1.2.138 · Cited by 44
“…(Schneier, Spitzer, Gibbon, Feyer, & Liebowitz, 1991), and are judged by independent raters to be less likeable and less comfortable to be around (Meleshko & Alden, 1993), and less friendly, warm, interested, likeable (Alden & Wallace, 1995), assertive, relaxed, and attractive (Jones & Russell,…”
BackgroundLook Who's Talking: Measuring Self-Disclosure in MFT
Harris, S. M., Dersch, C. A., & Mittal, M. (1999) · Contemporary Family Therapy · doi:10.1023/a:1021968517320 · Cited by 37
“In a therapy situation, where self-disclosure to the therapist is common and necessary, some personal issues are more difficult to discuss than others (Daher & Banikiotes, 1976; Herold & Way, 1988; Derlega, Hendrick, Winstead, & Berg, 1991; Maleshko & Alden, 1993 ).”
BackgroundSelf-Evaluative Biases in Social Anxiety
Ashbaugh, A. R., Antony, M. M., McCabe, R. E., Schmidt, L. A., & Swinson, R. P. (2005) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-005-2413-9 · Cited by 37
“This finding adds to the growing literature demonstrating that individuals with social anxiety do have social skills deficits (e.g., Creed & Funder, 1998; Meleshko & Alden, 1993; Niels, Stein, & Means-Christensen, 2003; Norton & Hope, 2001).”
ResultRodebaugh, T. L., Shumaker, E. A., Levinson, C. A., Fernandez, K. C., Langer, J., Lim, M. H., & Yarkoni, T. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030975 · Cited by 35
Testing the Effects of Social Anxiety Disorder on Friendship Quality Across Gender and Ethnicity
Rodebaugh, T. L., Fernandez, K. C., & Levinson, C. A. (2012) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.661451 · Cited by 34
“Received 5 May, 2011; Accepted 24 January, 2012”
Aversive eye gaze during a speech in virtual environment in patients with social anxiety disorder
Kim, H., Shin, J. E., Hong, Y.-J., Shin, Y., Shin, Y. S., Han, K., Kim, J., & Choi, S. (2017) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867417714335 · Cited by 34
“However, in the long term, extinction of fear is unlikely, as avoidance of eye gaze would be perceived negatively by social interaction counterparts (Alden, 1992; Meleshko and Alden, 1993).”
BackgroundGeneralized Social Phobia and social judgments: the salience of self- and partner-information.
Alden, L., & Mellings, T. (2004) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00244-x · Cited by 32
Self-citationSelf-Protective yet Self-Defeating
Wood, J. V., & Forest, A. L. (2015) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2015.10.001 · Cited by 40
Individual characteristics and personal relationships
Auhagen, A. E., & Hinde, R. A. (1997) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1997.tb00131.x · Cited by 33
Appearing Socially Competent: The Effects of a Friend's Presence on the Socially Anxious
Pontari, B. A. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208328063 · Cited by 31
“During conversation, they speak or self-disclose little (Meleshko & Alden, 1993; Thorne, 1987), choose safe discussion topics (DePaulo, Epstein, & LeMay, 1990; Thorne, 1987), express neutral attitudes (Turner, 1977), conform to others (Santee & Maslach, 1982), nod their head (Pilkonis, 1977), make…”
BackgroundParental Overprotection and Interpersonal Behavior in Generalized Social Phobia
Taylor, C. T., & Alden, L. E. (2006) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2005.03.001 · Cited by 32
Self-citationTrait shyness, actual-ought self-discrepancy and discomfort in social interaction
Amico, K. R., Bruch, M. A., Haase, R. F., & Sturmer, P. J. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2003.06.008 · Cited by 30
How do socially anxious women evaluate mimicry? A virtual reality study
Vrijsen, J. N., Lange, W., Dotsch, R., Wigboldus, D. H. J., & Rinck, M. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/13854040902833652 · Cited by 30
“This may partly explain why socially anxious people are liked less than non-anxious individuals, and are regarded as less comfortable to be with (Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
BackgroundSchneider, B. W., & Turk, C. L. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118653920.ch17 · Cited by 30
Xu, L., Li, L., Jiang, Z., Sun, Z., Wen, X., Shi, J., Sun, R. F., & Qian, X. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3009292 · Cited by 30
“It improves our social relationships [18], [19] and benefits our well-being [20], [21].”
BackgroundSocial Anxiety Disorder and Its Relationship to Perfectionism
Frost, R. O., Glossner, K., & Maxner, S. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375096-9.00005-5 · Cited by 27
Voncken, M. J., Rinck, M., Deckers, A., & Lange, W. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9408-5 · Cited by 30
Social Influence and Group Dynamics
Nowak, A. K., Vallacher, R. R., & Miller, M. E. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471264385.wei0516 · Cited by 28
Personal Strivings to Understand Anxiety Disorders: Social Anxiety as an Exemplar
Goodman, F. R., Kashdan, T. B., Stiksma, M. C., & Blalock, D. V. (2018) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618804778 · Cited by 26
Pontari, B. A., & Glenn, E. J. (2012) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2012.728112 · Cited by 27
“That is, self-disclosure reflects a more open versus protective self-presentation style and is crucial in gaining social approval and forming relationships (Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
BackgroundInfluentialAppearing Anxious Leads to Negative Judgments by Others
Gee, B. A., Antony, M. M., Koerner, N., & Aiken, A. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20865 · Cited by 25
“…that one reason people are less likely to desire further interactions after an initial conversation with those who are high in social anxiety is because socially anxious individuals tend not to reciprocate self-disclosures (Alden & Bieling, 1998; Meleshko & Alden, 1993; Papsdorf & Alden, 1998).”
BackgroundInfluentialSocial Anxiety Disorder and Social Support Behavior in Friendships
Piccirillo, M. L., Lim, M. H., Fernandez, K. C., Pasch, L. A., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.09.003 · Cited by 29
Rodebaugh, T. L., Klein, S. R., Yarkoni, T., & Langer, J. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.11.006 · Cited by 22
“Meleshko and Alden (1993) examined the amount of reciprocation of intimacy evidenced by people higher vs. lower in social anxiety in two conditions: (a) a low-intimacy condition, in which a confederate revealed relatively little, and (b) a high-intimacy condition, in which the confederate revealed…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSocial anxiety and discomfort with friendly giving
Fernandez, K. C., & Rodebaugh, T. L. (2010) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.10.005 · Cited by 23
Social responses to Facebook status updates: The role of extraversion and social anxiety
Deters, F. G., Mehl, M. R., & Eid, M. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.02.093 · Cited by 30
Reduced reciprocal giving in social anxiety – Evidence from the Trust Game
Anderl, C., Steil, R., Hahn, T., Hitzeroth, P., Reif, A., & Windmann, S. (2017) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.10.005 · Cited by 27
Separation, self‐disclosure, and social evaluation anxiety as facets of trait social anxiety
Endler, N. S., Flett, G. L., Macrodimitris, S. D., Corace, K. M., & Kocovski, N. L. (2002) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.452 · Cited by 22
“Some research has demonstrated a link between self-disclosure anxiety and social anxiety, and this research emphasizes the social components of self-disclosure (cf. Asendorpf, 1987; Depaulo, Epstein, & Lemay, 1990; Doi & Thelen, 1993; Meleshko & Alden, 1993).”
BackgroundHelp-seeking intentions for anxiety among older adults
Anderson, K., Wickramariyaratne, T., & Blair, A. C. (2017) · Australian Journal of Primary Health · doi:10.1071/py15185 · Cited by 21
Self-report of self-disclosure statements for stuttering
McGill, M., Siegel, J., Nguyen, D., & Rodriguez, S. (2018) · Journal of Fluency Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jfludis.2018.09.004 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Meleshko, K. G., & Alden, L. E.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- ORCID
- Alden, Lynn E.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1993
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1000-1009
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2058780424
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 4.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- social anxiety, self-disclosure, reciprocity, intimacy, self-protection, self-defeating behavior, interpersonal liking, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Motivation, Self Concept, Self Disclosure, Social Environment, Social Perception
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