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In a very different voice: Unmasking moral hypocrisy.
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“Both ultimately produce more positive orientations toward the other person and a greater interest in the other’s welfare.86”
From Reducing Racial Bias Among Health Care Providers: Lessons from Social-Cognitive Psychology (2007) · cites this paper as [86]
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“mental contexts, participants induced to have a greater sense of their own moral responsibility display not greater integrity, as one might expect, but evidence of greater hypocrisy [52, 53].”
BackgroundA Theory of Ethical Accounting and Its Implications for Hypocrisy in Organizations
Kim, P. H., Wiltermuth, S. S., & Newman, D. T. (2019) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2018.0161 · Cited by 28
“Past research in this domain has tended to treat people’s attitudes toward their own unethical behavior and the unethical behavior of others as discrete considerations (e.g., Batson et al., 1997), rather than consider the potential interplay between such judgments.”
BackgroundExley, C. L., & Kessler, J. B. (2024) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20191849 · Cited by 28
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“The earliest studies using this procedure, to our knowledge, were those of Batson et al. (1997) and Batson et al. (1999).”
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Does Personal Morality Exacerbate or Restrain Retaliation after Being Harmed?
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“with a desire to appear moral while, if possible, not incurring the cost of actually being moral (Batson et al., 1997)”
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“Hence, replicating Batson et al. (1997), these neutral condition participants who explicitly declared their intention to be fair somehow produced outcomes that favored them overwhelmingly.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBring Your Non-self to Work? The Interaction Between Self-decentralization and Moral Reasoning
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“Daniel Batson and colleagues have argued that true moral motivation is less prevalent than often assumed (Batson et al., 1997, 1999; Batson, 2011).”
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“We hold others to high moral standards while falling short of those standards in our own behavior (Batson et al. 1997; Batson et al.1999; Lammers et al. 2010).”
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Teichman, J. M. H., ANDERSON, K. D., DOROUGH, M. M., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1097/00005392-200006000-00067 · Cited by 11
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“Empathy is also the way of thinking and feeling like other individuals temporarily [19] and allows us to understand other individuals emotionally [20].”
BackgroundNoor, J., & Ren, L. (2023) · Games and Economic Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.geb.2023.02.010 · Cited by 9
“This point of view also suggests a reinterpretation of the literature on moral hypocrisy (Batson et al [5]) that takes the position that true preference is selfish, and non-selfish behavior arises only for appearances.”
BackgroundInfluentialCox, M., Dickson, G., & Cox, B. (2017) · Sport Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.smr.2017.08.005 · Cited by 10
Motivated Moral Outrage Among Meat-Eaters
Rothgerber, H., Rosenfeld, D. L., Keiffer, S., Crable, K., Yeske, A., Berger, L., Camp, P., Smith, K., Fischer, O., & Head, A. (2021) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/19485506211041536 · Cited by 10
“Typically, moral hypocrisy has been demonstrated in contexts where individuals justify an anticipated selfish act by couching their decision in fair procedural grounds (e.g., Batson et al., 1997, 1999).”
BackgroundThe Effects of Volunteerism on Self-Deception and Locus of Control
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Leffel, G. M. (2008) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164710803600303 · Cited by 10
Greasing (small) palms: Early rejection of bribery
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Liu, X., Wang, Y., Yang, F., & Huang, Q. (2024) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-024-05642-x · Cited by 10
“According to Batson et al. (1997), people tend to believe that individuals should take responsibility for their own moral misdeeds and receive a certain level of punishment.”
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“We expect that reduced moral permissibility will track with greater reported likelihood of the speaker’s acting unethically (Batson et al., 1997; Jordan & Monin, 2008).”
BackgroundThe Effect of Fraud Diamond Capability Measures on Fraud Occurrence
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Guilt proneness moderates the after-effects of ego depletion on hypocrisy
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“, 2015), including criticizing others’ moral transgressions more than the same transgressions conducted by oneself and requiring others to behave more morally than one does in the same context (Batson et al., 1997; Lammers et al., 2010; Weiss et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMunro, A., & Valente, M. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1330327 · Cited by 8
Miller, C. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674350.003.0002 · Cited by 10
Effects of the Presence and Behavior of In-Group and Out-Group Strangers on Moral Hypocrisy
Bian, J., Li, L., Xia, X., & Fu, X. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.551625 · Cited by 8
Dubreuil, B. (2014) · Topoi · doi:10.1007/s11245-014-9238-7 · Cited by 10
What Leads to Evocation of Moral Outrage? Exploring the Role of Personal Morality
Uehara, S., Nakagawa, T., & Tamura, T. (2014) · International Journal of Psychological Studies · doi:10.5539/ijps.v6n1p58 · Cited by 7
“According to certain researchers, an individual’s internalized moral or ethical values cannot be empirically measured; even if we were to assume that they were measurable, it was implied that whatever measurable elements there were, they would merely be a tendency toward having a phony sense of morality rather than ha…”
BackgroundReputational concerns as a general determinant of group functioning
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“Batson et al. (1997) introduced participants to a moral dilemma that elicited a moral action in order to investigate what factors make up the true nature of moral motivation and how, or if, hypocrisy or integrity are involved.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAn Ethics Action Plan for Rare Disease Care: Participatory Action Research Approach
Quintal, A., Carreau, I., Grenier, A., Hébert, C., Yergeau, C., Berthiaume, Y., & Racine, É. (2023) · Journal of Participatory Medicine · doi:10.2196/46607 · Cited by 8
“Empathic health care workers are more readily able to imagine themselves in the situations of their patients and are concerned about their well-being [63-65].”
BackgroundEffort-based decision making in joint action: Evidence of a sense of fairness
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Leader Hypocrisy and Its Emotional, Attitudinal, and Behavioral Consequences
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Genes and Virtue: Exploring How Heritability Beliefs Shape Conceptions of Virtue and Its Development
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“Similarly, situations that allow individuals to easily rationalize immoral acts produce greater immoral behavior than situations that do not (Batson et al. 1997), suggesting that moral behaviors can be driven by motives and situational factors that are independent of dispositional character traits.”
BackgroundFaking Good and Personality Assessments of Job applicants: A Review of the Literature
Fahey, G. (2018) · DBS Business Review · doi:10.22375/dbr.v2i0.25 · Cited by 6
“…not unreasonable to expect that in the context of high stakes personnel selection, faking good, a form of moral hypocrisy, can be greatly reduced by following a procedure that mimics the procedures that Batson et al. (1997) followed in their experiments (Ellingson et al., 2012; Fan et al., 2012).”
InfluentialAre Past Normative Behaviors Predictive of Future Behavioral Intentions?
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“Instruments aimed at assessing the quality of the participant's moral justifications may, in fact, measure the skill with which the participant is capable of recalling and articulating moral reasons for what amounts to an intuitive reaction ( Batson, Kobrynowicz, Dinnerstein, Kampf, & Wilson, 1997 ; Batson, Thompson,…”
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“This is not a paradox; explicitly accepting a moral idea is not the same as embodying that idea in behavior (e.g., Batson et al., 1997).”
BackgroundA path forward on online misinformation mitigation based on current user behavior
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“People lie for a reason (Bond et al., 2013), especially when the truth is a problem or when they want to maintain a reputation of being prosocial (Batson et al., 1997; Choshen-Hillel et al., 2020; Gneezy et al., 2018; Levine, 2020; Levine et al., 2016).”
BackgroundConfusing the Expression of Social Norms and Justice Motivation
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“Indeed, the literature has demonstrated that individuals tend to apply a double standard, particularly when it involves moral issues (Batson et al., 1997; Weiss et al., 2018).”
BackgroundInfluentialTowards an Understanding of the Dark Triad, Ethical Fading, and Ethicality of Behavior
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Metadata
- Authors
- Batson, C. D., Kobrynowicz, D., Dinnerstein, J. L., Kampf, H. C., & Wilson, A. D.
- ORCID
- Batson, C. Daniel
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1997
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1335-1348
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4297917739
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 0.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Ethics in Business and Education
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- moral hypocrisy, moral dissonance, self-presentation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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