The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Personality and well-being: reexamining methods and meanings
Abstract
Because measures of personality and well-being share common affective underpinnings and items, previously reported links between these domains may be tautological. To explicate the connections between personality and well-being, 2 samples of midlife adults (N = 215 and N = 139) completed measures of personality (NEO Five Factor Inventory; P.T. Costa & R.R. McCrae, 1992) and psychological well-being (C. D. Ryff's, 1989b, Psychological Well-Being [PWB] inventory) that were maximally distinct, both conceptually and methodologically. Analyses included additional controls for source overlap, common affective underpinnings, and shared item content. Distinctive personality correlates were observed for the 6 PWB outcomes: self-acceptance, environmental mastery, and purpose in life were linked with Neuroticism (N) Extraversion (E) and Conscientiousness (C); personal growth was linked with Openness to Experience (O) and E; positive relations with others was linked with Agreeableness (A) and E; autonomy was linked with N. Psychological wellness and its personality correlates may be more complex than prior studies suggest.
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“Self-acceptance scores correlate with measures of positive affect, life satisfaction, and lower depression (Ryff and Keyes, 1995) as well as extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness (Schmutte and Ryff, 1997).”
From A hope intervention for adolescents: a randomized controlled trial delivered by paraprofessionals (2025) · cites this paper as Schmutte and Ryff, 1997
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On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 · Cited by 11,567
Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions.
Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007 · Cited by 3,322
Self-citationPsychological Well-Being Revisited: Advances in the Science and Practice of Eudaimonia
Ryff, C. D. (2014) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000353263 · Cited by 2,976
Self-citationKnow thyself and become what you are: a eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 · Cited by 3,149
Self-citationPublic health significance of neuroticism
Lahey, B. B. (2009) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0015309 · Cited by 1,901
“…studies have controlled for shared items and concurrent depressive states and still found significant associations between the construct of neuroticism and measures of depression (Fergusson, Horwood, & Lawton, 1989; Schmutte & Ryff, 1997; Spijker, de Graaf, Oldehinkel, Nolen, & Ormel, 2007).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Schmutte, P. S., & Ryff, C. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- ORCID
- Ryff, Carol D.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1997-09
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 549-559
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2090286781
- Cited by
- 613
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 6.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- personality, psychological well-being, tautology, NEO-FFI, self-acceptance, environmental mastery, meaning of life, personal growth, positive relations with others, autonomy, middle-aged adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Aged, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Personality, Personality Assessment, Random Allocation
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