Cited by 1,472Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMemory Processes and InfluencesEmotions and Moral Behavior

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Emotion regulation and memory: the cognitive costs of keeping one's cool

Richards, Jane M., Gross, James J.·2000·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Abstract

An emerging literature has begun to document the affective consequences of emotion regulation. Little is known, however, about whether emotion regulation also has cognitive consequences. A process model of emotion suggests that expressive suppression should reduce memory for emotional events but that reappraisal should not. Three studies tested this hypothesis. Study 1 experimentally manipulated expressive suppression during film viewing, showing that suppression led to poorer memory for the details of the film. Study 2 manipulated expressive suppression and reappraisal during slide viewing. Only suppression led to poorer slide memory. Study 3 examined individual differences in typical expressive suppression and reappraisal and found that suppression was associated with poorer self-reported and objective memory but that reappraisal was not. Together, these studies suggest that the cognitive costs of keeping one's cool may vary according to how this is done.

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Authors: Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J.
Affiliations: Stanford University (US)
ORCID: Gross, James J.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2000-09
Volume: 79
Issue: 3
Pages: 410-424
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.410
OpenAlex: W4241540074
Cited by: 1,472
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 78 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 63 · 2015: 86 · 2014: 92 · 2013: 91 · 2012: 95
FWCI: 6.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH 58147)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: emotion regulation, memory, cognitive cost, emotional control
MeSH terms: Adult, Attention, Cognition, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Recall, Repression, Psychology

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Emotion regulation and memory: the cognitive costs of keeping one's cool

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks