Cited by 1,401Death Anxiety and Social ExclusionBullying, Victimization, and AggressionEmotions and Moral Behavior

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Social exclusion impairs self-regulation

Baumeister, Roy F., DeWall, C. Nathan, Ciarocco, Natalie J., Twenge, Jean M.·2005·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.589

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Abstract

Six experiments showed that being excluded or rejected caused decrements in self-regulation. In Experiment 1, participants who were led to anticipate a lonely future life were less able to make themselves consume a healthy but bad-tasting beverage. In Experiment 2, some participants were told that no one else in their group wanted to work with them, and these participants later ate more cookies than other participants. In Experiment 3, excluded participants quit sooner on a frustrating task. In Experiments 4-6, exclusion led to impairment of attention regulation as measured with a dichotic listening task. Experiments 5 and 6 further showed that decrements in self-regulation can be eliminated by offering a cash incentive or increasing self-awareness. Thus, rejected people are capable of self-regulation but are normally disinclined to make the effort.

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Authors: Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J., & Twenge, J. M.
Affiliations: Florida State University (US)
Florida Atlantic University (US)
San Diego State University (US)
ORCID: Baumeister, Roy F.
DeWall, C. Nathan
Ciarocco, Natalie J.
Twenge, Jean M.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2005-04
Volume: 88
Issue: 4
Pages: 589-604
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.589
OpenAlex: W1996918954
Cited by: 1,401
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 92 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 62
FWCI: 34.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01mh057039-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH012329, MH 65559, MH-12329, MH 57039, R01MH065559)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: social exclusion, rejection, self-regulation, attentional control, dichotic listening, incentive effects, self-awareness, loneliness, dietary habits
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Alienation, Social Behavior, Social Control, Informal

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Social exclusion impairs self-regulation

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