Cited by 1,401Death Anxiety and Social ExclusionBullying, Victimization, and AggressionEmotions and Moral Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 80 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Social exclusion impairs self-regulation

Baumeister, Roy F., DeWall, C. Nathan, Ciarocco, Natalie J., Twenge, Jean M.·2005·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.589

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Six experiments showed that being excluded or rejected caused decrements in self-regulation. In Experiment 1, participants who were led to anticipate a lonely future life were less able to make themselves consume a healthy but bad-tasting beverage. In Experiment 2, some participants were told that no one else in their group wanted to work with them, and these participants later ate more cookies than other participants. In Experiment 3, excluded participants quit sooner on a frustrating task. In Experiments 4-6, exclusion led to impairment of attention regulation as measured with a dichotic listening task. Experiments 5 and 6 further showed that decrements in self-regulation can be eliminated by offering a cash incentive or increasing self-awareness. Thus, rejected people are capable of self-regulation but are normally disinclined to make the effort.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.589

Cites

80 of 80 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
Oldfield, R. C. (1971) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4 · Cited by 35,900
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.117.3.497 · Cited by 23,245
Self-citation
Advances In Experimental Social Psychology
(2022) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(22)x0002-6 · Cited by 22,559
A General Theory of Crime
Gottfredson, M. R., & Hirschi, T. (1990) · doi:10.1515/9781503621794 · Cited by 10,127
Bad Is Stronger Than Good
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Finkenauer, C., & Vohs, K. D. (2001) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.5.4.323 · Cited by 7,678
Self-citation
Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource?
Baumeister, R. F., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. M. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.74.5.1252 · Cited by 5,312
Self-citation
Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence
Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.2098 · Cited by 4,583
Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle?
Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.247 · Cited by 4,510
Self-citation

Show all 83 references

Research works printed but not linked: 5

10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497 · DOI · Paper page
10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.111 · DOI · Paper page
Eysenck, 1975, Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire.
10.1037/0022-006X.57.4.488 · DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.639 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Impact of Informing Overweight Individuals about the Role of Genetics in Obesity: An Online Experimental Study
Lippa, N. C., & Sanderson, S. C. (2013) · Human Heredity · doi:10.1159/000353712 · Cited by 6,095
The interpersonal theory of suicide.
Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner, T. E. (2010) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0018697 · Cited by 5,292
How does sexual minority stigma “get under the skin”? A psychological mediation framework
Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0016441 · Cited by 2,695
Perceived social isolation and cognition
Cacioppo, J. T., & Hawkley, L. C. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.06.005 · Cited by 2,144
A Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Reduce Loneliness
Masi, C. M., Chen, H.-Y., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310377394 · Cited by 1,995
Ostracism
Williams, K. D. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641 · Cited by 1,828
Inclusion and diversity in work groups: A review and model for future research
Shore, L. M., Randel, A. E., Chung, B. G., Dean, M. A., Holcombe Ehrhart, K., & Singh, G. (2011) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206310385943 · Cited by 2,135
Social exclusion decreases prosocial behavior
Twenge, J. M., Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J., & Bartels, J. M. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.56 · Cited by 1,271
Self-citation
Conclusions about interventions, programs, and approaches for improving executive functions that appear justified and those that, despite much hype, do not
Diamond, A., & Ling, D. S. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.11.005 · Cited by 1,177
Suicidal desire and the capability for suicide: Tests of the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior among adults.
Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Gordon, K. H., Bender, T. W., & Joiner, T. E. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.1.72 · Cited by 1,126
The development and validation of the Workplace Ostracism Scale.
Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Berry, J. W., & Lian, H. (2008) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012743 · Cited by 1,178
Reactions to discrimination, stigmatization, ostracism, and other forms of interpersonal rejection: A multimotive model
Smart Richman, L., & Leary, M. R. (2009) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0015250 · Cited by 942
Chapter 6 Ostracism
Williams, K. D. (2009) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)00406-1 · Cited by 1,428
Race, race-based discrimination, and health outcomes among African Americans
Mays, V. M., Cochran, S. D., & Barnes, N. W. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.57.102904.190212 · Cited by 889
Restoring the self: Positive affect helps improve self-regulation following ego depletion
Tice, D. M., Baumeister, R. F., Shmueli, D., & Muraven, M. (2007) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.05.007 · Cited by 836
Self-citation
Coping with racism: a selective review of the literature and a theoretical and methodological critique
Brondolo, E., Brady ver Halen, N., Pencille, M., Beatty, D., & Contrada, R. J. (2009) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9193-0 · Cited by 813
Beginning the workday yet already depleted? Consequences of late-night smartphone use and sleep
Lanaj, K., Johnson, R. E., & Barnes, C. M. (2014) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.01.001 · Cited by 738
Regulatory focus and work-related outcomes: A review and meta-analysis.
Lanaj, K., Chang, C.-H. D., & Johnson, R. E. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0027723 · Cited by 759
Interpersonal Rejection as a Determinant of Anger and Aggression
Leary, M. R., Twenge, J. M., & Quinlivan, E. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_2 · Cited by 748
Self-citation
Creating and undermining social support in communal relationships: The role of compassionate and self-image goals.
Crocker, J., & Canevello, A. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.555 · Cited by 751
Loneliness predicts reduced physical activity: Cross-sectional & longitudinal analyses.
Hawkley, L. C., Thisted, R. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2009) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014400 · Cited by 608
“…research that has shown loneliness-related impairments in self-regulation of attentional processes (Cacioppo et al., 2000), and is consistent with research showing that the threat of social exclusion/isolation impairs self-regulation of hedonic processes such as eating (Baumeister et al., 2005).”
Result
Evolutionary mechanisms for loneliness
Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., & Boomsma, D. I. (2014) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.837379 · Cited by 576
“…task but attempted the fewest problems and made the most mistakes on a logical reasoning task (Baumeister, DeWall, Ciarocco, & Twenge, 2005), consumed more delicious but unhealthy foods (Baumeister et al., 2005), and were more aggressive toward others (Twenge, Baumeister, Tice, & Stucke, 2001).”
Why do people share fake news? Associations between the dark side of social media use and fake news sharing behavior
Talwar, S., Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Zafar, N., & Alrasheedy, M. (2019) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.026 · Cited by 612
Social Exclusion Causes People to Spend and Consume Strategically in the Service of Affiliation
Mead, N. L., Baumeister, R. F., Stillman, T. F., Rawn, C. D., & Vohs, K. D. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/656667 · Cited by 574
Self-citation
Alone but feeling no pain: Effects of social exclusion on physical pain tolerance and pain threshold, affective forecasting, and interpersonal empathy.
DeWall, C. N., & Baumeister, R. F. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.1.1 · Cited by 529
Self-citation
Rejection elicits emotional reactions but neither causes immediate distress nor lowers self-esteem: a meta-analytic review of 192 studies on social exclusion
Blackhart, G. C., Nelson, B. C., Knowles, M. L., & Baumeister, R. F. (2009) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868309346065 · Cited by 504
Self-citation
On Being Rejected: A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Research on Rejection
Gerber, J., & Wheeler, L. (2009) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6924.2009.01158.x · Cited by 498
Perceived social isolation, evolutionary fitness and health outcomes: a lifespan approach
Hawkley, L. C., & Capitanio, J. P. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0114 · Cited by 468
Loneliness in the Modern Age: An Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness (ETL)
Cacioppo, J. T., & Cacioppo, S. (2018) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2018.03.003 · Cited by 481
Transactive goal dynamics.
Fitzsimons, G. M., Finkel, E. J., & vanDellen, M. R. (2015) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0039654 · Cited by 448
Human Capital and Administrative Burden: The Role of Cognitive Resources in Citizen‐State Interactions
Christensen, J., Aarøe, L., Baekgaard, M., Herd, P., & Moynihan, D. P. (2020) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.13134 · Cited by 458
“…events such as a loss of employment does not just increase the risk of scarcity but also increases the likelihood of loneliness, depression, and other health problems that may further reduce executive functioning (Andreeva et al. 2015; Baumeister et al. 2005; Paul and Moser 2009; Yoon et al. 2017).”
Background
Excluded from humanity: The dehumanizing effects of social ostracism
Bastian, B., & Haslam, N. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.06.022 · Cited by 441
"What about me?" Perceptions of exclusion and whites' reactions to multiculturalism.
Plaut, V., Garnett, F. G., Buffardi, L. E., & Sanchez-Burks, J. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022832 · Cited by 388
Eaten up by boredom: consuming food to escape awareness of the bored self
Moynihan, A. B., van Tilburg, W. A. P., Igou, E. R., Wisman, A., Donnelly, A., & Mulcaire, J. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00369 · Cited by 415
Race, racism and health: disparities, mechanisms, and interventions
Brondolo, E. N., Gallo, L. C., & Myers, H. F. (2008) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-008-9190-3 · Cited by 391
Social exclusion and early-stage interpersonal perception: Selective attention to signs of acceptance.
DeWall, C. N., Maner, J. K., & Rouby, D. A. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0014634 · Cited by 389
Self-citation
Bodies obliged and unbound: Differentiated response tendencies for injunctive and descriptive social norms.
Jacobson, R. P., Mortensen, C. R., & Cialdini, R. B. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021470 · Cited by 411
Manipulating autonomy, competence, and relatedness support in a game-learning context: new evidence that all three needs matter.
Sheldon, K., & Filak, V. F. (2008) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466607x238797 · Cited by 397
Trajectories of loneliness during childhood and adolescence: Predictors and health outcomes
Qualter, P., Brown, S. L., Rotenberg, K. J., Vanhalst, J., Harris, R. A., Goossens, L., Bangee, M., & Munn, P. (2013) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.01.005 · Cited by 377
Psychological Needs as Basic Motives, Not Just Experiential Requirements
Sheldon, K. M., & Gunz, A. (2009) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00589.x · Cited by 427
Self-gain or self-regulation impairment? Tests of competing explanations of the supervisor abuse and employee deviance relationship through perceptions of distributive justice.
Thau, S., & Mitchell, M. S. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020540 · Cited by 367
I Am Too Just Like You: Nonconscious Mimicry as an Automatic Behavioral Response to Social Exclusion
Lakin, J. L., Chartrand, T. L., & Arkin, R. M. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02162.x · Cited by 485
It’s the thought that counts: The role of hostile cognition in shaping aggressive responses to social exclusion
DeWall, C. N., Twenge, J. M., Gitter, S. A., & Baumeister, R. F. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013196 · Cited by 358
Self-citation
Victim entitlement to behave selfishly.
Zitek, E. M., Jordan, A., Monin, B., & Leach, F. R. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017168 · Cited by 332
In the Eye of the Beholder: Individual Differences in Perceived Social Isolation Predict Regional Brain Activation to Social Stimuli
Cacioppo, J. T., Norris, C. J., Decety, J., Monteleone, G., & Nusbaum, H. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21007 · Cited by 322
Weight stigma and eating behavior: A review of the literature.
Vartanian, L. R., & Porter, A. M. (2016) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.01.034 · Cited by 374
A Vicious Cycle
Okonofua, J. A., Walton, G. M., & Eberhardt, J. L. (2016) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616635592 · Cited by 376
Self-regulation and the executive function: The self as controlling agent.
Baumeister, R. F., Schmeichel, B. J., & Vohs, K. D. (2007) · Dialnet (Universidad de la Rioja) · Cited by 317
Self-citation
Settling for less out of fear of being single.
Spielmann, S. S., MacDonald, G., Maxwell, J. A., Joel, S., Peragine, D. E., Muise, A., & Impett, E. A. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034628 · Cited by 338
A comparison of health behaviours in lonely and non-lonely populations
Lauder, W., Mummery, K., Jones, M., & Caperchione, C. (2006) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548500500266607 · Cited by 349
Thwarting the Need to Belong: Understanding the Interpersonal and Inner Effects of Social Exclusion
Baumeister, R. F., Brewer, L. E., Tice, D. M., & Twenge, J. M. (2007) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00020.x · Cited by 312
Self-citation
Airbnb: Online targeted advertising, sense of power, and consumer decisions
Liu, S. Q., & Mattila, A. S. (2016) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.09.012 · Cited by 308
Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking peer victimization to internalizing symptoms in adolescents.
McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Hilt, L. M. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015760 · Cited by 292
Middle class and marginal? Socioeconomic status, stigma, and self-regulation at an elite university.
Johnson, S. E., Richeson, J. A., & Finkel, E. J. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021956 · Cited by 296
Peer group membership and a sense of belonging: their relationship to adolescent behavior problems.
Newman, B. M., Lohman, B. J., & Newman, P. R. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 296
Loneliness, Resilience, Mental Health, and Quality of Life in Old Age: A Structural Equation Model
Gerino, E., Rollè, L., Sechi, C., & Brustia, P. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02003 · Cited by 343
Unethical for the sake of the group: Risk of social exclusion and pro-group unethical behavior.
Thau, S., Derfler-Rozin, R. R., Pitesa, M., Mitchell, M. S., & Pillutla, M. M. (2014) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0036708 · Cited by 319
Understanding Impulsive Aggression: Angry Rumination and Reduced Self-Control Capacity Are Mechanisms Underlying the Provocation-Aggression Relationship
Denson, T. F., Pedersen, W. C., Friese, M., Hahm, A., & Roberts, L. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167211401420 · Cited by 357
Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis
Matthews, G. A., & Tye, K. M. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14016 · Cited by 273
When perception is more than reality: The effects of perceived versus actual resource depletion on self-regulatory behavior.
Clarkson, J. J., Hirt, E. R., Jia, L., & Alexander, M. B. (2010) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017539 · Cited by 297
Abusive Supervision and Retaliation: A Self-Control Framework
Lian, H., Brown, D. J., Ferris, D. L., Liang, L. H., Keeping, L. M., & Morrison, R. L. (2012) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2011.0977 · Cited by 293
An eating disorder-specific model of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-ED): Causal pathways and treatment implications
Rieger, E., Van Buren, D. J., Bishop, M., Tanofsky-Kraff, M., Welch, R., & Wilfley, D. E. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.02.001 · Cited by 279
Review of the Evidence on, and Fundamental Questions About, Efforts to Improve Executive Functions, Including Working Memory
Diamond, A. D., & Ling, D. S. (2019) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780199974467.003.0008 · Cited by 343
Chapter 6 Ostracism: A Temporal Need‐Threat Model
Williams, K. D. (2009) · Advances in experimental social psychology · Cited by 270
Social Acceptance and Rejection: The Sweet and the Bitter
DeWall, C. N., & Bushman, B. J. (2011) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721411417545 · Cited by 267
Self-citation
High-maintenance interaction: Inefficient social coordination impairs self-regulation.
Finkel, E. J., Campbell, W. K., Brunell, A. B., Dalton, A. N., Scarbeck, S. J., & Chartrand, T. L. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.3.456 · Cited by 278
Quest for Significance and Violent Extremism: The Case of Domestic Radicalization
Jaśko, K., Lafree, G. D., & Kruglanski, A. W. (2016) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12376 · Cited by 293
The effect of social exclusion on consumer preference for anthropomorphized brands
Chen, R. P., Wan, E. W., & Levy, E. P. (2016) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2016.05.004 · Cited by 285
Peer rejection, negative peer treatment, and school adjustment: Self-concept and classroom engagement as mediating processes
Buhs, E. S. (2005) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2005.09.001 · Cited by 258
Explaining Underrepresentation: A Theory of Precluded Interest
Cheryan, S., & Plaut, V. C. (2010) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9835-x · Cited by 271
Evaluating the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire: Comparison of the Reliability, Factor Structure, and Predictive Validity across Five Versions
Hill, R. M., Rey, Y., Marin, C. E., Sharp, C., Green, K. L., & Pettit, J. W. (2014) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12129 · Cited by 243
Organizational supports and organizational deviance: The mediating role of organization-based self-esteem
Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., & Heller, D. A. (2008) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2008.09.001 · Cited by 251
Mental Exercising Through Simple Socializing: Social Interaction Promotes General Cognitive Functioning
Ybarra, O., Burnstein, E., Winkielman, P., Keller, M. C., Manis, M., Chan, E., & Rodriguez, J. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167207310454 · Cited by 235
The Effects of Ostracism on Self–Regulation in the Socially Anxious
Oaten, M., Williams, K., Jones, A. M., & Zadro, L. (2008) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2008.27.5.471 · Cited by 215
AI anthropomorphism and its effect on users' self-congruence and self–AI integration: A theoretical framework and research agenda
Alabed, A., Javornik, A., & Gregory-Smith, D. (2022) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121786 · Cited by 233
Response of the μ-opioid system to social rejection and acceptance
Hsu, D. T., Sanford, B. J., Meyers, K. K., Love, T. M., Hazlett, K. E., Wang, H., Ni, L., Walker, S. J., Mickey, B. J., Korycinski, S. T., et al. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2013.96 · Cited by 225
The Way You Make Me Feel and Behave: Supervisor-Triggered Newcomer Affect and Approach-Avoidance Behavior
Nifadkar, S., Tsui, A. S., & Ashforth, B. E. (2012) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2010.0133 · Cited by 238
Self-defeating behaviors in organizations: The relationship between thwarted belonging and interpersonal work behaviors.
Thau, S., Aquino, K. F., & Poortvliet, P. M. (2007) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.3.840 · Cited by 227
Products as Pals: Engaging with Anthropomorphic Products Mitigates the Effects of Social Exclusion
Mourey, J. A., Olson, J. G., & Yoon, C. (2017) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1093/jcr/ucx038 · Cited by 226
Mindfulness meditation counteracts self-control depletion
Friese, M., Messner, C., & Schaffner, Y. (2012) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.01.008 · Cited by 285
Fitting in or opting out: A review of key social-psychological factors influencing a sense of belonging for women in physics
Lewis, K. L., Stout, J. G., Pollock, S. J., Finkelstein, N. D., & Ito, T. A. (2016) · Physical Review Physics Education Research · doi:10.1103/physrevphyseducres.12.020110 · Cited by 261
Nostalgia as a Resource for Psychological Health and Well‐Being
Routledge, C., Wildschut, T., Sedikides, C., & Juhl, J. (2013) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12070 · Cited by 219
Satiated with belongingness? Effects of acceptance, rejection, and task framing on self-regulatory performance.
DeWall, C. N., Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012632 · Cited by 243
Self-citation
Be Fit and Be Strong: Mastering Self-Regulation through Regulatory Fit
Hong, J., & Lee, A. Y. (2008) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/521902 · Cited by 230
Jealousy and the threatened self: Getting to the heart of the green-eyed monster
DeSteno, D., Valdesolo, P., & Bartlett, M. Y. (2006) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.626 · Cited by 213
Do neural responses to rejection depend on attachment style? An fMRI study
DeWall, C. N., Masten, C. L., Powell, C., Combs, D., Schurtz, D. R., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2012) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq107 · Cited by 206
Self-citation
Show Me the Honey! Effects of Social Exclusion on Financial Risk-Taking
Duclos, R., Wan, E. W., & Jiang, Y. (2012) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/668900 · Cited by 218
Emotion Dysregulation as a Mechanism Linking Stress Exposure to Adolescent Aggressive Behavior
Herts, K. L., McLaughlin, K. A., & Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2012) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-012-9629-4 · Cited by 225
The development of adolescent self‐regulation: Reviewing the role of parent, peer, friend, and romantic relationships
Farley, J. P., & Kim‐Spoon, J. (2014) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.03.009 · Cited by 238
Singing and social inclusion
Welch, G. F., Himonides, E., Saunders, J., Papageorgi, I., & Sarazin, M. S. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00803 · Cited by 246
Affiliation, Acceptance, and Belonging: The Pursuit of Interpersonal Connection
Leary, M. R. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470561119.socpsy002024 · Cited by 201
The importance of belonging and the avoidance of social risk taking in adolescence
Tomova, L., Andrews, J. L., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2021) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2021.100981 · Cited by 196
Social Exclusion and Pain Sensitivity
Bernstein, M. J., & Claypool, H. M. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167211422449 · Cited by 197
Interpersonal Influences on Self-Regulation
Fitzsimons, G. M., & Finkel, E. J. (2010) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721410364499 · Cited by 195
Why did I eat that? Perspectives on food decision making and dietary restraint
Bublitz, M. G., Peracchio, L. A., & Block, L. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jcps.2010.06.008 · Cited by 207
A Social Influence Interpretation of Workplace Ostracism and Counterproductive Work Behavior
Yang, J., & Treadway, D. C. (2016) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2912-x · Cited by 198
Divergent effects of activating thoughts of God on self-regulation.
Laurin, K., Kay, A. C., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025971 · Cited by 185
Parasocial relationships and self‐discrepancies: Faux relationships have benefits for low self‐esteem individuals
Derrick, J. L., Gabriel, A., & Tippin, A. B. (2008) · Personal Relationships · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6811.2008.00197.x · Cited by 185
Mechanisms Linking Stressful Life Events and Mental Health Problems in a Prospective, Community-Based Sample of Adolescents
McLaughlin, K. A., & Hatzenbuehler, M. L. (2008) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.06.019 · Cited by 182
This mood is familiar and I don't deserve to feel better anyway: Mechanisms underlying self-esteem differences in motivation to repair sad moods.
Wood, J. V., Heimpel, S. A., Manwell, L. A., & Whittington, E. J. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012881 · Cited by 182

Authors: Baumeister, R. F., DeWall, C. N., Ciarocco, N. J., & Twenge, J. M.
Affiliations: Florida State University (US)
Florida Atlantic University (US)
San Diego State University (US)
ORCID: Baumeister, Roy F.
DeWall, C. Nathan
Ciarocco, Natalie J.
Twenge, Jean M.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2005-04
Volume: 88
Issue: 4
Pages: 589-604
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.589
OpenAlex: W1996918954
Cited by: 1,401
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 112 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 77 · 2017: 86 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 92 · 2013: 76 · 2012: 62
FWCI: 34.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01mh057039-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH012329, MH 65559, MH-12329, MH 57039, R01MH065559)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: social exclusion, rejection, self-regulation, attentional control, dichotic listening, incentive effects, self-awareness, loneliness, dietary habits
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Group Processes, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Alienation, Social Behavior, Social Control, Informal

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Social exclusion impairs self-regulation

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks