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The costs and benefits of writing, talking, and thinking about life's triumphs and defeats.
Open accessAbstract
Three studies considered the consequences of writing, talking, and thinking about significant events. In Studies 1 and 2, students wrote, talked into a tape recorder, or thought privately about their worst (N = 96) or happiest experience (N = 111) for 15 min each during 3 consecutive days. In Study 3 (N = 112), students wrote or thought about their happiest day; half systematically analyzed, and half repetitively replayed this day. Well-being and health measures were administered before each study's manipulation and 4 weeks after. As predicted, in Study 1, participants who processed a negative experience through writing or talking reported improved life satisfaction and enhanced mental and physical health relative to those who thought about it. The reverse effect for life satisfaction was observed in Study 2, which focused on positive experiences. Study 3 examined possible mechanisms underlying these effects. Students who wrote about their happiest moments--especially when analyzing them--experienced reduced well-being and physical health relative to those who replayed these moments. Results are discussed in light of current understanding of the effects of processing life events.
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Using Social Network Sites to Boost Savoring: Positive Effects on Positive Emotions
Yu, S., Sheldon, K. M., Lan, W.-P., & Chen, J.-H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176407 · Cited by 19
“Studies have shown that a positive correlation exists between savoring and positive emotion and that savoring mediates the impact of daily positive events upon happiness [2,4,6].”
BackgroundHYPEd-up: Youth dance culture and health
Harris, N., Wilks, L., & Stewart, D. (2012) · Arts & Health · doi:10.1080/17533015.2012.677849 · Cited by 23
“This finding is important not only because it suggests that a dance culture, such as hip hop, may be a valuable tool to engage young people in health-promoting activities that they enjoy, but also because experiences that cultivate positive emotions have been linked with greater well-being, health and general function…”
BackgroundWang, F., Wang, C., Yin, Q., Wang, K., Li, D., Mao, M., Zhu, C., & Huang, Y. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01604 · Cited by 22
Protective faith? The role of religiosity in the stressor-strain relationship in helping professions
Weiß, E.-E., & Süß, S. (2017) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2017.1325387 · Cited by 19
Andrighetti, H. J., Semaka, A., & Austin, J. (2017) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-017-0744-7 · Cited by 19
“…that there can be great benefits to participants through sharing their difficult experiences with a researcher, and that research-oriented interviews can be healing for participants even when they are not intended to be therapeutic (Campbell et al. 2004; Lyubomirsky et al. 2006; Kurtz et al. 2013).”
BackgroundGorlin, E. I., Lee, J., & Otto, M. W. (2017) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2017.1342173 · Cited by 19
Walle, J. M. L., Rodríguez, J. L. T., Tomás-Marco, I., Gallegos-Guajardo, J., Coronado, E. G., & Pozo, M. D. R. H. (2020) · Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte · doi:10.6018/cpd.358601 · Cited by 30
Vanaken, L., Bijttebier, P., & Hermans, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.602725 · Cited by 15
Examining the psychological and psychophysiological benefits of drawing over one month.
Drake, J. E. (2018) · Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts · doi:10.1037/aca0000179 · Cited by 18
Total Force Fitness in Units Part 1: Military Demand-Resource Model
Bates, M. J., Fallesen, J. J., Huey, W. S., Packard, G. A., Ryan, D. M., Burke, C. S., Smith, D. G., Watola, D. J., Pinder, E. D., Yosick, T. M., et al. (2013) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-12-00519 · Cited by 22
Can Emotional Disclosure Promote Sport Injury-Related Growth?
Salim, J., & Wadey, R. (2017) · Journal of Applied Sport Psychology · doi:10.1080/10413200.2017.1417338 · Cited by 18
“As Lyubomirsky et al. (2006) found no significant differences between written and verbal disclosure, no hypotheses are forwarded comparing written and verbal disclosure.”
BackgroundMethodInterventions efficaces en psychologie positive: Une revue systématique.
Sitbon, A., Shankland, R., & Martin‐Krumm, C. (2018) · Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne · doi:10.1037/cap0000163 · Cited by 28
“Ce point est discuté dans les études de Lyubomirsky et al. (2006) sur les réminiscences positives et négatives.”
BackgroundInfluentialNeuroticism and well-being? Let's work on the positive rather than negative aspects
Ng, S. H. (2012) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2012.709270 · Cited by 20
“Talking or writing about their worst life experience improved participants’ life satisfaction, relative to thinking about it, but the reverse was true when it involved the happiest life experience (Lyubomirsky, Sousa, & Dickerhoof, 2006 ).”
BackgroundFactors associated with subjective well‐being in cancer workers in Queensland
Poulsen, M. G., Poulsen, A. A., Khan, A., Poulsen, E. E., & Khan, S. R. (2012) · Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1111/j.1754-9485.2012.02368.x · Cited by 19
Helping Couples Cope with Women’s Cancers
Kayser, K., & Scott, J. L. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-74803-0 · Cited by 61
Ramanathan, D. M., McWhorter, J. W., Wegener, S. T., & Bechtold, K. T. (2016) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/rep0000095 · Cited by 20
Sultan, N. (2017) · Journal of Creativity in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/15401383.2017.1286277 · Cited by 23
Bao, K. J., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118315927.ch21 · Cited by 17
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Lyubomirsky, S., Sousa, L., & Dickerhoof, R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- ORCID
- Lyubomirsky, Sonja
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 692-708
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2126929584
- Cited by
- 472
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 33 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 20.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of California, Riverside
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health via Writing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- expressive writing, life events, life satisfaction, well-being, physical health, mental health, positive experiences, negative experiences, rumination, event processing
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Affect, California, Female, Health Status, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Personal Satisfaction, Psychological Theory, Speech, Thinking, Writing
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