The DOI matches its Crossref record; 89 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mental habits: Metacognitive reflection on negative self-thinking.
Abstract
In 8 studies, the authors investigated negative self-thinking as a mental habit. Mental content (negative self-thoughts) was distinguished from mental process (negative self-thinking habit). The negative self-thinking habit was assessed with a metacognitive instrument (Habit Index of Negative Thinking; HINT) measuring whether negative self-thoughts occur often, are unintended, are initiated without awareness, are difficult to control, and are self-descriptive. Controlling for negative cognitive content, the authors found that negative self-thinking habit was distinct from rumination and mindfulness, predicted explicit as well as implicit low self-esteem (name letter effect), attenuated a positivity bias in the processing of self-relevant stimuli, and predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms 9 months later. The results support the assumption that metacognitive reflection on negative self-thinking as mental habit may play an important role in self-evaluative processes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It has been proposed that the attenuated self-related process was related to emotional amelioration either (Verplanken et al., 2007).”
From Enhanced Resting-State Functional Connectivity With Decreased Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations of the Salience Network in Mindfulness Novices (2022) · cites this paper as Verplanken et al., 2007
In the citing paper
“Broadly speaking, results from the present study corroborate previous findings with different clinical conditions, indicating that dispositional mindfulness is negatively associated with habitual negative thoughts [49] and experiential avoidance [50]”
Citations
Cites
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x · Cited by 47,139
James, W. (1891) · Personality Culture Society · doi:10.1037/11059-000 · Cited by 25,876
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448
Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
Flavell, J. H. (1979) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.34.10.906 · Cited by 11,282
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 · Cited by 9,210
Illusion and well‐being: A social psychological perspective on mental health
Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193 · Cited by 7,814
Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm.
Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197 · Cited by 5,815
Social psychology: handbook of basic principles
Higgins, E., & Kruglanski, A. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-3496 · Cited by 5,535
Depression. Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects.
(1968) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-68-2-502 · Cited by 5,233
Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes
Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.4.569 · Cited by 4,529
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity.
Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015575 · Cited by 3,257
Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought
Watkins, E. R. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163 · Cited by 2,421
Reflecting on rumination: Consequences, causes, mechanisms and treatment of rumination
Watkins, E. R., & Roberts, H. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103573 · Cited by 862
Glomb, T. M., Duffy, M. K., Bono, J. E., & Yang, T. (2011) · Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management · doi:10.1108/s0742-7301(2011)0000030005 · Cited by 809
Beyond frequency: Habit as mental construct
Verplanken, B. (2006) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466605x49122 · Cited by 648
Metadata
- Authors
- Verplanken, B., Friborg, O., Wang, C. E., Trafimow, D., & Woolf, K.
- Affiliations
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway (NO)
- New Mexico State University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 526-541
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2083393605
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 10.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Research Council of Norway
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- mental habits, metacognition, metacognitive reflection, rumination, mindfulness, self-esteem, positivity bias, anxiety, depressive symptoms, self-assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Cognition, Female, Habits, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Thinking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
