The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Role conflict and role ambiguity: A critical assessment of construct validity.
Abstract
This article appraises the construct validity of role conflict and role ambiguity in organizationa l psychology research by tracing the process of validation from initial theory introduction to the present. Although the theoretical bases for the constructs were relatively well explicated, some conceptual shortcomings have carried over into empirical work. There are problems with the content validity of measures, a lack of convergent and discriminant evidence, and inattention to the full nomological network of hypothesized relationships. Recommendations for future role-conflict and role-ambiguity research are offered. Since their incorporation into the organizational psychology literature in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the role-theory constructs of role conflict and role ambiguity have assumed a prominent position in empirical work. In recent years they have been the focus of three major literature reviews (Fisher & Gitelson, 1983; S. E. Jackson & Schuler, 1985; Van Sell, Brief, & Schuler, 1981), two of which used a meta-analytic approach (Hunter, Schmidt, & Jackson, 1982; Schmidt & Hunter, 1977; Schmidt, Hunter, Pearlman, & Shane, 1979). Although documenting significant correlations between these two role constructs and a variety of other work-related variables, all three reviews lamented, to a greater or lesser degree, inconsistencies in reported study findings. Extrapolating from the three reviews, a primary explanation offered for inconsistent results seems to be that…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Role conflicts could arise if the oversight person is at the same time a decision-maker who uses the AI-based system to support their decisions [43].”
From On the Quest for Effectiveness in Human Oversight: Interdisciplinary Perspectives (2024) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“King and King (1990, p. 62) went as far as to draw the following conclusion: 'We firmly believe that partial responsibility for the inconsistencies in research findings about role conflict and ambiguity is due to deficiencies in measurement.'”
From A Meta-Analysis of Work Demand Stressors and Job Performance: Examining Main and Moderating Effects (2008) · cites this paper as King & King, 1990
In the citing paper
“There has been considerable criticism and debate in the occupational stress literature about the discriminant, convergent, and predictive validity of the Rizzo et al. (1970) measures”
From A Meta-Analysis of Work Demand Stressors and Job Performance: Examining Main and Moderating Effects (2008) · cites this paper as King & King, 1990
In the citing paper
“relative to the other stressors, role ambiguity is the least likely to have a challenge component because there are fewer coping processes that could possibly counteract its negative effects”
From A Meta-Analysis of Work Demand Stressors and Job Performance: Examining Main and Moderating Effects (2008) · cites this paper as King & King, 1990
In the citing paper
“employees' lack of knowledge of what is expected of them hampers and constricts any purposeful effort on their part to attain performance-related objectives.”
From A Meta-Analysis of Work Demand Stressors and Job Performance: Examining Main and Moderating Effects (2008) · cites this paper as King & King, 1990
Citations
Cites
Construct validity in psychological tests.
Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0040957 · Cited by 11,195
A QUANTITATIVE APPROACH TO CONTENT VALIDITY1
LAWSHE, C. H. (1975) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393.x · Cited by 7,313
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 242
Role Effects in Negotiation: The One‐Down Phenomenon
Donohue, W., & Taylor, P. (2007) · Negotiation Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1571-9979.2007.00145.x · Cited by 34
Marginson, D. (2006) · Management Accounting Research · doi:10.1016/j.mar.2005.11.002 · Cited by 34
“…theory; Accounting information; Management control; Performance evaluation Role ambiguity is an unwanted psychological state (Kahn et al., 1964; King and King, 1990), and is problematic for organizations because the resulting unfavourable personal outcomes (such as stress, lower levels of…”
BackgroundLin, M., Ling, Q., Zhang, L., Cui, X., & Zhang, Z. (2022) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104545 · Cited by 40
Evidence for Turkish industrial salespeople
Menguc, B. (1996) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090569610105771 · Cited by 34
“, 1975), including two meta-analyses (Fisher and Gitelson, 1983; Jackson and Schuler, 1985) and several critical reviews (King and King, 1990; Pearce, 1981; Schuler, 1977).”
Pekkarinen, L., Sinervo, T., Elovainio, M., Noro, A., Finne-Soveri, H., & Leskinen, E. (2006) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20157 · Cited by 32
Antecedents and Consequences of Employees Empowerment
Hamed, S. (2010) · KINFORMS · doi:10.55819/mrij.2010.5.1.64 · Cited by 32
“(King and King 1990) Role clarity is proposed as an antecedent of employees empowerment because unless individuals have a clear sense of their responsibilities, and how to achieve them, they are unlikely to believe that they have the necessary skills and abilities to perform tasks adequately (i.e.,…”
BackgroundResultControl and role conflict in food service providers
Papadopoulou-Bayliss, A., Ineson, E. M., & Wilkie, D. (2001) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/s0278-4319(00)00052-9 · Cited by 35
Client Role Ambiguity and Satisfaction in Client–Ad Agency Relationships
Beard, F. K. (1999) · Journal of Advertising Research · doi:10.1080/00218499.1999.12466602 · Cited by 32
Johnson, J. D., Lafrance, B., Meyer, M., Speyer, J., & Cox, D. (1998) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/016327879802100102 · Cited by 32
Bowman, P. J. (2012) · Plenum series on human exceptionality · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4939-3_21 · Cited by 37
The Use of Operational Research Tools: A Survey of Operational Research Practitioners in the UK
Jeffrey, P., & Seaton, R. (1995) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.1057/jors.1995.113 · Cited by 31
Role Stress in After-Sales Service Management
Wetzels, M., de Ruyter, K., & Lemmink, J. (1999) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/109467059921005 · Cited by 29
“In general, it is hypothesized that role ambiguity and role conflict negatively affect job satisfaction (Brown and Peterson 1993; Churchill et al. 1985; Fisher and Gitelson 1983; Fry et al. 1986; Jackson and Schuler 1985; Kahn et al. 1964; Katz and Kahn 1978; King and King 1990).”
BackgroundHoare, C., & Vandenberghe, C. (2022) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221103536 · Cited by 52
“Role ambiguity refers to situations where tasks are ambiguously de fi ned, and instructions are unclear (King & King, 1990; Rizzo et al., 1970).”
BackgroundMarketing Client Role Ambiguity as a Source of Dissatisfaction in Client-Ad Agency Relationships
Beard, F. K. (1996) · Journal of Advertising Research · doi:10.1080/00218499.1996.12466625 · Cited by 28
Dimensions of coping behavior: A proposed conceptual framework
Westman, M., & Shirom, A. (1995) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615809508249366 · Cited by 28
Socialization as a Predictor of Employee Outcomes
Madlock, P. E., & Chory, R. M. (2014) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2013.811429 · Cited by 27
“Role ambiguity is defined as ‘‘deficient or uncertain information about role behaviors available to a given organizational position’’ (King & King, 1990, p. 49).”
BackgroundInfluentialA Qualitative Investigation into Experiences of the Role Episode in Soccer
Mellalieu, S., & Juniper, S. (2006) · doi:10.1123/tsp.20.4.399 · Cited by 27
“Scott W. Juniper is founder of Psimax Performance Solutions in Irvine, CA. E-mail: Scott@psimax.net. factors, such as the level of communication, feedback, and dependence among persons (cf. King & King, 1990).”
BackgroundMultiple foci of commitment in a professional service firm: balancing complex employment relations
Olsen, K. M., Sverdrup, T. E., Nesheim, T., & Kalleberg, A. L. (2016) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12109 · Cited by 36
Hamre, K. V., Einarsen, S. V., & Notelaers, G. (2023) · Safety Science · doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106165 · Cited by 38
Managers, budgets and organisational change: unbundling some of the paradoxes
Marginson, D., & Ogden, S. (2005) · Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change · doi:10.1108/18325910510635281 · Cited by 26
Jiang, Y., Xu, L., Cui, N., Zhang, H., & Yang, Z.-L. (2019) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijbm-12-2017-0261 · Cited by 25
Types of Work Stress and Implications for the Role of General Practitioners
Spurgeon, P., Barwell, F., Maxwell, R., & Partner, G. (1995) · Health Services Management Research · doi:10.1177/095148489500800304 · Cited by 25
Role Stress Revisited: One or Two Constructs?
Boles, J., & Babin, B. (1994) · doi:10.1080/10696679.1994.11501659 · Cited by 25
Scaling and Measurement: Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity Reconsidered
Shepherd, C., & Fine, L. (1994) · Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management · doi:10.1080/08853134.1994.10753985 · Cited by 25
Anthony, E. L., Green, S. G., & McComb, S. (2014) · Journal of Engineering and Technology Management · doi:10.1016/j.jengtecman.2012.12.001 · Cited by 25
Foroutan, T., Safavı, H. P., & Bouzarı, M. (2021) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102929 · Cited by 32
The Effects of Goal Orientations and Supervisor Concerns on MBA Intern Learning and Performance
Beenen, G. (2013) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2012.0006 · Cited by 34
“Supervisors are a key source of these signals in regards to both learning and performance standards (King & King, 1990).”
BackgroundOkamoto, K., & Teo, S. (2011) · doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.538984 · Cited by 24
“1964 ; Katz and Kahn 1978 ) as well as uncertainty in relation to one's role (Katz and Kahn 1978 ; King and King 1990 ).”
BackgroundSchwepker, C. H., & Dimitriou, C. (2022) · Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/10696679.2022.2080713 · Cited by 23
“Thus, perceived divergence between an employee’s ethical beliefs and those of his or her organization may result in ethical conflict (King & King, 1990).”
BackgroundIntegrating Formal and Shared Leadership: the Moderating Influence of Role Ambiguity on Innovation
Ziegert, J. C., & Dust, S. B. (2020) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-020-09722-3 · Cited by 39
“More specifically, role ambiguity entails the extent to which individuals are unclear about their responsibilities and job-related information and requirements (Breaugh & Colihan, 1994; King & King, 1990).”
BackgroundZhao, X.-Y., Qu, H.-L., & Liu, J.-Y. (2014) · Cornell Hospitality Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1938965513517171 · Cited by 23
Lindberg, E., & Wincent, J. (2011) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00837.x · Cited by 23
Macinati, M. S., & Rizzo, M. G. (2016) · Health Care Management Review · doi:10.1097/hmr.0000000000000071 · Cited by 21
“Our model places the genesis of job-based psychological ownership in a second ‘‘route’’ that is role clarity, which is an individual’s cognitive mental representation, which refers to the extent to which employees clearly understandwhat is expected from thematwork (King & King, 1990).”
BackgroundMethodRydstedt, L., Cropley, M., & Devereux, J. (2011) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2011.558639 · Cited by 21
“‘do you feel certain how much authority you have?’ This scale has been extensively used to study chronic role stress (King and King 1990).”
BackgroundMethodÅgotnes, K. W., Nielsen, M. B., Skogstad, A., Gjerstad, J., & Einarsen, S. V. (2023) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678373.2023.2226635 · Cited by 24
“…89) – the majority of research on role stress has to date treated role ambiguity and role con fl icts as closely related yet separate and parallel constructs (Bowling et al., 2017; Fisher & Gitelson, 1983; Jackson & Schuler, 1985; King & King, 1990; Örtqvist & Wincent, 2006; Tubre & Collins, 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialTeam feedback based on dialogue
Jabri, M. M. (2004) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/02621710410517238 · Cited by 21
“This instrument has been found to possess high validity and reliability (King and King, 1990).”
BackgroundMethodJex, S., Adams, G., Elacqua, T. C., & Bachrach, D. G. (2002) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00251.x · Cited by 20
Leader self-efficacy and role ambiguity and follower leader-member exchange
Kuvaas, B., & Buch, R. (2019) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2016.12158abstract · Cited by 19
Some Recommendations for Improving Measurement Validation in Social Work Research
Koeske, G. F. (1994) · Journal of Social Service Research · doi:10.1300/j079v18n03_02 · Cited by 20
Proposition d’une nouvelle échelle de mesure multidimensionnelle des tensions de rôle au travail
Djabi, M., Perrot, S., Jeannerod-Dumouchel, N., & Campoy, É. (2019) · Revue de gestion des ressources humaines · doi:10.3917/grhu.112.0041 · Cited by 37
Assessing measure congruence in nomological networks
Franke, G. R., Sarstedt, M., & Danks, N. P. (2021) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.003 · Cited by 22
Yang, J., Treadway, D. C., & Stepina, L. P. (2013) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12115 · Cited by 24
Weatherill, R. P., Vogt, D. S., Taft, C. T., King, L. A., King, D. W., & Shipherd, J. C. (2011) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9921-0 · Cited by 17
“Findings indicate that both the domains and abbreviated versions are relatively robust and valid measures of the construct (King and King 1990; King et al. 1994), and at least two studies have used specific domains or selected items rather than the entire measure (Anderson and Johnson 2003; Behm-Morawitz and Mastro 20…”
BackgroundSelf-citationFactor Structure of the Job-Related Tension Index Among Social Workers
Wooten, N. R., Fakunmoju, S. B., Kim, H. J., & LeFevre, A. L. (2009) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/1049731509331852 · Cited by 18
“Kahn et al. (1964) have been credited with developing the theory of role dynamics and expanding the application of role theory to organizational research (Burke & Belcourt, 1974; King & King, 1990).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA mixed-methods analysis of moral injury among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Scoglio, A. A. J., Stelson, E., Becene, I. A., Marquez, C. I., & Rich-Edwards, J. W. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0304620 · Cited by 18
“Working conditions may contribute to worker stress and conflict around their professional role, arising from incongruent expectations around work tasks, role, and evaluations [21].”
BackgroundHow does interactive use of budgets affect creativity?
Sitepu, E. M. P., Appuhami, R., & Su, S. X. (2020) · Pacific Accounting Review · doi:10.1108/par-05-2019-0054 · Cited by 23
Reflection, Resilience and Role Stress among Iranian EFL Teachers: A Mixed Methods Study
Shirazizadeh, M., Tajik, L., & Amanzadeh, H. (2019) · doi:10.22054/ilt.2020.48955.448 · Cited by 16
“…criticism centered around the fact that the Rizzo et al. scales confound the construct purportedly being assessed with directions of the item wording (Kelloway & Barling, 1990; McGee et al., 1989; Tracy & Johnson, 1981) and many of its items have questionable content validity (King & King, 1990).”
BackgroundTensions de rôle : proposition d’une grille d’analyse
Djabi, M., & Perrot, S. (2018) · Management International · doi:10.7202/1052503ar · Cited by 16
Bolumole, Y., Grawe, S. J., & Daugherty, P. J. (2016) · Transportation Journal · doi:10.5325/transportationj.55.2.0124 · Cited by 15
Halbesleben, J. R. B., & Wheeler, A. R. (2007) · Research in occupational stress and well being · doi:10.1016/s1479-3555(06)06004-5 · Cited by 16
Dynamic and Communicative Aspects of Quality Assurance
Ratcliff, J. (2003) · doi:10.1080/13538320308155 · Cited by 16
“These situations breed role conflict among the stakeholders in the quality assurance process (Katz & Kahn, 1978; King & King, 1990).”
BackgroundManagerial short‐termism and financial statement comparability
Zhang, Z., & Wang, F.-J. (2023) · Accounting & Finance · doi:10.1111/acfi.13138 · Cited by 15
Re‐envisioning the change process in general education
Ratcliff, J. (2004) · doi:10.1002/he.142 · Cited by 15
Emotional division-of-labor: A theoretical account
Elfenbein, H. A. (2016) · Research in Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.riob.2016.11.001 · Cited by 18
Burning Rubber or Burning Out? The Influence of Role Stressors on Burnout among Truck Drivers
Semeijn, J., de Waard, B., Lambrechts, W., & Semeijn, J. (2019) · Logistics · doi:10.3390/logistics3010006 · Cited by 20
“However, several researchers [27,47] suggest that role ambiguity is multifaceted in nature.”
BackgroundFrank, P. (2018) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12417 · Cited by 25
Development of the Perceived Multiple Role Stress Scale (PMRS)
Gigliotti, E. (2001) · Journal of Nursing Measurement · doi:10.1891/1061-3749.9.2.163 · Cited by 14
Is the past prologue for some more than others? The hobo syndrome and job complexity
Becton, J. B., Carr, J. C., & Judge, T. A. (2011) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2011.04.001 · Cited by 18
“For example, meta-analytic studies have shown role ambiguity, the extent to which incumbents are uncertain about their responsibilities or when role-related information is vague, to be positively related to intention to leave (King & King, 1990).”
BackgroundCaillier, J. G. (2011) · doi:10.1080/01900692.2011.569918 · Cited by 13
“One such factor is role ambiguity, which is “seen as deficient or uncertain information about role behaviors available to a given organizational position” ( King & King, 1990 , p.”
BackgroundJeunes diplômés : comprendre les intentions de départ des nouveaux embauchés
Perrot, S. (2004) · doi:10.1051/larsg:2004005 · Cited by 13
East, P. L., & Barber, J. S. (2014) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.12103 · Cited by 12
“Given such conflictual pressures, role ambiguity develops, followed by role dissatisfaction, poor performance, and, ultimately, psychological distress (King & King, 1990).”
BackgroundOwnership type and team climate in elderly care facilities: the moderating effect of stress factors.
Heponiemi, T., Elovainio, M., Kouvonen, A., Noro, A., Finne-Soveri, H., & Sinervo, T. (2012) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05777.x · Cited by 12
Heponiemi, T., Elovainio, M., Kouvonen, A., Pekkarinen, L., Noro, A., Finne-Soveri, H., & Sinervo, T. (2008) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00419.x · Cited by 12
Evans, K., Gremler, D. D., Schlacter, J., & Wolfe, W. G. (1995) · doi:10.1300/j090v11n02_10 · Cited by 12
Should I Stay or Should I Go? Auditor Ethical Conflict and Turnover Intention
Tormo-Carbó, G., Mardawi, Z., & Seguí-Mas, E. (2024) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-023-05583-x · Cited by 11
“In this study, functional role conflict highlights the tension between an auditor’s professional obligations (King & King, 1990) and the directives of the audit firm or client (Espinosa-Pike & Barrainkua, 2020).”
Line-item budgeting and film-production: Exploring some benefits of budget constraints on creativity
Friis, I., & Hansen, A. (2015) · Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management · doi:10.1108/qram-01-2015-0016 · Cited by 11
Le stress professionnel dans le secteur public, Le cas des managers
Codo, S. (2013) · doi:10.3917/rimhe.006.0063 · Cited by 11
Sport as a business: international, professional and commercial aspects.
Dolles, H., & Söderman, S. (2011) · doi:10.5860/choice.49-2179 · Cited by 10
da Costa, P. C., & Donald, F. M. (2003) · doi:10.1177/008124630303300102 · Cited by 9
Role Ambiguity and Job Performance of Employees in the Service Sector SMEs in Malaysia
June, S., & Mahmood, R. (2011) · Malaysian Management Journal · doi:10.32890/mmj.15.2011.8971 · Cited by 8
“In view of the potential effect of role ambiguity towards employee job performance, it had received a prominent position in many empirical researches (King & King, 1990; Tubre & Collins, 2000; Ortqvist & Wincent, 2006).”
BackgroundCustomer Role Ambiguity in Community Management
Holmström, H., & Henfridsson, O. (2002) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences · doi:10.1109/hicss.2002.10068 · Cited by 8
Transferring priorities: a three-act play on transfer pricing
McAulay, L., Scrace, A., & Tomkins, C. (2001) · Critical Perspectives on Accounting · doi:10.1006/cpac.2000.0415 · Cited by 8
Biswas, D. D., & Sengupta, R. (2025) · Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/15555240.2025.2504673 · Cited by 8
“Role ambiguity refers to a lack of clarity about job responsibilities, expectations, and work boundaries (King & King, 1990).”
Antecedents and consequences of positive emotions in the workplace
Sahu, A., & Srivastava, K. B. L. (2017) · International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion · doi:10.1504/ijwoe.2017.10007608 · Cited by 7
Montaño, D. (2016) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2015-0178 · Cited by 8
Les attentes professionnelles des apprentis du supérieur
Alves, S., Gosse, B., & Sprimont, P.-A. (2013) · doi:10.3166/rfg.235.15-26 · Cited by 7
“…d’un projet… voir concrètement l’aboutissement de mes projets… pouvoir coordonner des projets… mener des projets transversaux avec d’autres services de l’entreprise… être intégré dans des projets collectifs » de son action pour soi-même, pour les autres et pour l’organisation, King et King, 1990).”
Tynan, M. (2020) · doi:10.31274/etd-20200902-158 · Cited by 7
“…multiple dimensions of ambiguity, and “role ambiguity” as a construct may be more accurately interpreted as multidimensional if considered as “job ambiguity” instead (Breaugh & Colihan, 1994; King & King, 1990; Örtqvist & Wincent, 2006; Sakires, Doherty, & Misener, 2009; Tubre & Collins, 2000).”
BackgroundFong, T. C., Ho, R., & Fong, J. C. Y. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270464 · Cited by 6
“Role ambiguity refers to the uncertainty around accurately assessing different types of tasks and responsibilities in relation to goals and expectations [10], while role conflict arises when workers are confronted with inconsistent or incompatible demands at work [11].”
BackgroundTime Management and the Full-Time Sportsperson: Increasing Individual Perceptions of Time Control
Forsyth, D. K., & Catley, B. (2007) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1260/174795407782233119 · Cited by 6
Fine-Grained and Thematic Evaluation of LLMs in Social Deduction Game
Kim, B., Seo, D., Kim, M., & Kim, B. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3611399 · Cited by 5
“This category is named after a similar psychological concept [28].”
Padmanabhanunni, A., & Pretorius, T. (2024) · Revista de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias de la Salud · doi:10.46634/riics.276 · Cited by 5
Understanding Nurse Consultant role engagement in metropolitan and rural contexts
Giles, M., Parker, V., & Mitchell, R. (2016) · doi:10.1016/j.colegn.2016.04.002 · Cited by 5
The Conceptual Roles of Negative and Positive Affectivity in the Stressor-Strain Relationship
Rydstedt, L. W., Johnsen, S.-Å. K., Lundh, M., & Devereux, J. J. (2013) · Europe’s Journal of Psychology · doi:10.5964/ejop.v9i1.537 · Cited by 7
“Initially developed by Rizzo, House, and Lirtzman (1970) (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/workorg/), the scale has been extensively used to study chronic role stress (e.g. Fried, Shirom, Gilboa, & Cooper, 2008; King & King, 1990).”
An Analysis of Alternative Causal Models of Sales Performance on Sales People
Ahmad, N., Mat, N., Isa, M., Ismail, S., & Amlus, M. H. (2012) · doi:10.5923/j.economics.20120001.23 · Cited by 5
Theorizing subjective responsibility at work: an agentic approach
Jønsson, T., & Fasano, M. C. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1548931 · Cited by 4
“For example, role perception, role clarity, and role conflicts are well-established constructs that tap into how people perceive objective role responsibilities (King et al., 1990).”
Can the Project Manager's Transformational Leadership Lead to Project Success?
Ahmad, M. K., Abdulhamid, A. B., Wahab, S. A., & Nazir, M. U. (2023) · International Journal of Information Technology Project Management · doi:10.4018/ijitpm.323206 · Cited by 11
“, 2006), researchers consider role clarity to be a key antecedent (Spreitzer, 1996; King and King, 1990; Sawyer, 1992).”
BackgroundRaza, H., Maksum, A., Erlina, & Raja, P. (2014) · doi:10.22610/jebs.v6i3.480 · Cited by 4
“The role theory suggests that based on certain conditions, the improvement in performance will decrease (Miles & Perreault, 1976; King & King, 1990).”
BackgroundAn Empirically Based Selection and Evaluation System for Collegiate Football.
Libkuman, T., Love, K. G., & Donn, P. D. (1998) · Journal of Sport Management · doi:10.1123/jsm.12.3.220 · Cited by 4
Kumar, D., Suthar, N., Rodriguez, R. V., & Hemachandran, K. (2025) · Journal of Information Communication and Ethics in Society · doi:10.1108/jices-07-2025-0174 · Cited by 5
Nassri, L., Schneider, I., Gaum, P. M., & Lang, J. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021786 · Cited by 5
Occupational stress in the public sector: the case of managers
Codo, S. (2014) · doi:10.3917/rimhe.014.0020 · Cited by 3
Toward a theory of university library group work : An approach for development
Edgar, W. (2007) · doi:10.1016/j.acalib.2006.12.004 · Cited by 3
Yip, K.-S. (2001) · doi:10.1080/21650993.2001.9755850 · Cited by 3
“The validity and reliability of similar constructs and instruments have varied greatly among different studies and in various psychosocial contexts (Halkowski, 1990; McGee, 1989; King & King, 1990; James & James, 1989; Helson, 1990).”
BackgroundCorporate Structure and Administrators' Job Stress: The Case of Nursing Homes
McGee, G. W., Fottler, M., Shewchuk, R., & Giardina, C. W. (1992) · Health Services Management Research · doi:10.1177/095148489200500106 · Cited by 3
Sports Organizations, Professionalization and Organizational Conflict: A Review of the Literature
Schulz, J. (2011) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/9780230306639_8 · Cited by 3
Role Theory Approaches for Effectiveness of Marketing-Oriented Boundary Spanners
Singh, J., & Saatcioglu, A. (2008) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1548-6435(2008)0000004010 · Cited by 4
Tsotetsi, C., & Onaolapo, A. (2024) · Interdisciplinary Journal of Rural and Community Studies · doi:10.38140/ijrcs-2024.vol6.04 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- King, L. A., & King, D. W.
- Affiliations
- Central Michigan University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 1990-01
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-64
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2147503805
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 19.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Keywords
- role conflict, role ambiguity, construct validity, role theory, content validity, convergent and discriminant validity, nomological network, self-report measures, psychometric properties, organizational psychology
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
