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Cited by 1,085

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 360 of the 360 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice.

Crandall, Christian S., Eshleman, Amy·2003·Psychological Bulletin

Abstract

The authors propose a justification-suppression model (JSM), which characterizes the processes that lead to prejudice expression and the experience of one's own prejudice. They suggest that "genuine" prejudices are not directly expressed but are restrained by beliefs, values, and norms that suppress them. Prejudices are expressed when justifications (e.g., attributions, ideologies, stereotypes) release suppressed prejudices. The same process accounts for which prejudices are accepted into the self-concept The JSM is used to organize the prejudice literature, and many empirical findings are recharacterized as factors affecting suppression or justification, rather than directly affecting genuine prejudice. The authors discuss the implications of the JSM for several topics, including prejudice measurement, ambivalence, and the distinction between prejudice and its expression.

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Metadata

Authors
Crandall, C. S., & Eshleman, A.
Venue
Psychological Bulletin
Published
2003
Volume
129
Issue
3
Pages
414-446
ISSN
  • 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1455
OpenAlex
W2144397230
Cited by
1,085
References
360
FWCI
66.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.414
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Crandall, C. S., & Eshleman, A. (2003). A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice. Psychological Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.414

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.