The DOI matches its Crossref record; 269 of the 272 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Why Does Social Exclusion Hurt? The Relationship Between Social and Physical Pain.
Abstract
The authors forward the hypothesis that social exclusion is experienced as painful because reactions to rejection are mediated by aspects of the physical pain system. The authors begin by presenting the theory that overlap between social and physical pain was an evolutionary development to aid social animals in responding to threats to inclusion. The authors then review evidence showing that humans demonstrate convergence between the 2 types of pain in thought, emotion, and behavior, and demonstrate, primarily through nonhuman animal research, that social and physical pain share common physiological mechanisms. Finally, the authors explore the implications of social pain theory for rejection-elicited aggression and physical pain disorders.
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In the citing paper
“The consensus that has emerged is that a network of brain regions that support the aversive quality of physical pain (the ' affective ' component), principally the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and anterior insula (AI), also underlie the feeling of social rejection.”
From Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Current theorizing suggests that the brain systems that underlie social rejection developed by coopting brain circuits that support the affective component of physical pain (1, 2, 9).”
From Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“However, cultures around the world use the same language -words like ' hurt ' and ' pain '-to describe both experiences (1), raising the question: How similar are social rejection and physical pain?”
From Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
Citations
Cites
The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation.
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(1998) · Cited by 4,012
Empathy for Pain Involves the Affective but not Sensory Components of Pain
Singer, T., Seymour, B., O'Doherty, J., Kaube, H., Dolan, R. J., & Frith, C. D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093535 · Cited by 3,929
Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231 · Cited by 3,915
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 272 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 14
- 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497 · DOI · Paper page
- Craig, 1999, Medulla to thalamus., 183
- Craig, 2000, Crying as an indicator of pain in infants., 23
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
On seeing human: A three-factor theory of anthropomorphism
Epley, N., Waytz, A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.114.4.864 · Cited by 4,069
A question of belonging: Race, social fit, and achievement.
Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2007) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.82 · Cited by 2,163
Social Cognitive Neuroscience: A Review of Core Processes
Lieberman, M. D. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085654 · Cited by 2,010
Williams, K. D. (2007) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641 · Cited by 1,828
An fMRI-Based Neurologic Signature of Physical Pain
Wager, T. D., Atlas, L. Y., Lindquist, M. A., Roy, M., Woo, C.-W., & Kross, E. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1204471 · Cited by 1,597
Metadata
- Authors
- MacDonald, G., & Leary, M. R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 202-223
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2170436315
- Semantic Scholar
- 0e711c40ec38b531215de3ed80a26fe08eb7d0f6
- Cited by
- 1,712
- References
- 272
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 103 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 102 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 81 · 2017: 92 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 103 · 2012: 83
- FWCI
- 4.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- social exclusion, social pain, bodily pain, rejection, evolutionary psychology, aggression, pain disorders
- MeSH terms
- Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Narcotics, Oxytocin, Pain, Psychological Theory, Social Alienation
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