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The effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for bereaved persons: A comprehensive quantitative review.
Abstract
Previous quantitative reviews of research on psychotherapeutic interventions for bereaved persons have yielded divergent findings and have not included many of the available controlled outcome studies. This meta-analysis summarizes results from 61 controlled studies to offer a more comprehensive integration of this literature. This review examined (a) the absolute effectiveness of bereavement interventions immediately following intervention and at follow-up assessments, (b) several of the clinically and theoretically relevant moderators of outcome, and (c) change over time among recipients of the interventions and individuals in no-intervention control groups. Overall, analyses showed that interventions had a small effect at posttreatment but no statistically significant benefit at follow-up. However, interventions that exclusively targeted grievers displaying marked difficulties adapting to loss had outcomes that compare favorably with psychotherapies for other difficulties. Other evidence suggested that the discouraging results for studies failing to screen for indications of distress could be attributed to a tendency among controls to improve naturally over time. The findings of the review underscore the importance of attending to the targeted population in the practice and study of psychotherapeutic interventions for bereaved persons.
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“Although bereavement interventions appear to be effective if aimed high-risk groups or at those whose grieving process has already complicated,57-59”
From Complicated grief after perinatal loss (2012) · cites this paper as [57]
In the citing paper
“Reviews and meta-analyses of general bereavement interventions have shown that although effectiveness of bereavement interventions is often assumed, empirical evidence yields inconclusive results.”
From Complicated grief after perinatal loss (2012) · cites this paper as [57]
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“Indeed, without appropriate training, their interventions are likely to be of little positive benefit and might even be deleterious (Currier et al., 2008).”
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“A meta-analysis (Currier, Neimeyer, & Berman, 2008 ) of 61 randomized controlled studies of bereavement interventions with a range of age and gender groups found ‘a small but statistically significant effect immediately following intervention but that therapeutic outcomes failed to differ reliably from zero at later f…”
MethodKirby, E. R., Kenny, K., Broom, A. F., MacArtney, J. I., & Good, P. D. (2017) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951517000475 · Cited by 37
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“However, provided as a selective intervention for at-risk grievers with high levels of presenting symptoms, such as depressive symptoms or PTSD symptoms, grief counseling has strong empirical support (Currier et al. 2008; Neimeyer and Currier 2009).”
BackgroundSealey, M., O’Connor, M., Aoun, S. M., & Breen, L. J. (2015) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-015-0046-7 · Cited by 36
“emotionally painful, life event that the majority of people integrate into their lives [1].”
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“Similarly, in a recent meta-analysis of the literature regarding psychotherapeutic interventions for the bereaved, Currier, Neimeyer, and Berman (2008) reviewed “a total of 61 outcome studies reported in 64 papers, which included 48 published peerreviewed articles and 16 unpublished dissertations”…”
BackgroundResultAn assets-based approach to bereavement care
Rumbold, B. D., & Aoun, S. M. (2015) · Bereavement Care · doi:10.1080/02682621.2015.1115185 · Cited by 34
“The dilemma caused in bereavement care by such a professionalised response has already been discussed (Rumbold and Aoun, 2014; Schut et al., 2001; Currier et al., 2008).”
BackgroundHarris, L. J. M. (2013) · Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing · doi:10.1097/njh.0b013e3182a0de78 · Cited by 34
“Lastly, although this study focused specifically on nursing staff, it is documented that job stress is common among all health care professionals.(12,33,34) There may be opportunities to recommend standard interventions across all hospice agencies that would be supportive for nursing as well as other staff members.”
BackgroundRheingold, A. A., Baddeley, J. L., Williams, J. L., Brown, C., Wallace, M. M., Correa, F., & Rynearson, E. K. (2015) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2014.957602 · Cited by 33
The value of implementation science in bridging the evidence gap in bereavement care
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“Researchers also noted, however, that not all interventions for bereaved people produced positive outcomes (Schut et al., 2001; Currier et al., 2008; Wittouck et al., 2011), and sometimes the intervention seemed to bear negative effects (Schut et al.”
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Piper, W. E., Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Joyce, A. S., & Weideman, R. (2010) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/12344-000 · Cited by 32
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“maladaptive grieving clearly necessitates therapeutic intervention [63], evidence-based therapies, such as those that promote a healthy continuing bond with the departed loved one by using narrative techniques such as imaginal conversations [64], could both attend to the separation distress in relation”
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Shah, S., & Meeks, S. (2012) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2011.605054 · Cited by 34
“of general bereavement interventions have demonstrated unimpressive effect sizes, thus challenging the dominant discourse of the helpful nature of grief counseling (e.g., Allumbaugh & Hoyt, 1999; Currier et al., 2008; Kato & Mann, 1999).”
BackgroundProlonged grief: setting the research agenda
Rosner, R. (2015) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.27303 · Cited by 33
Understanding Bereavement: What Every Oncology Practitioner Should Know
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“Both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have shown efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms in the context of grief (66, 75, 76).”
BackgroundDisenfranchised Grief Following African American Homicide Loss
Piazza-Bonin, E., Neimeyer, R. A., Burke, L. A., McDevitt‐Murphy, M. E., & Young, A. (2015) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222815573727 · Cited by 30
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“First, prior meta-analyses of interventions for bereaved children and adults (Currier et al., 2007; Currier et al., 2008) reported larger effects for the subsample with higher levels of distress or symptoms when they entered treatment then for those who had lower levels of distress when they began…”
InfluentialThe changing face of grief: Contemporary directions in theory, research, and practice
Neimeyer, R. A. (2014) · Progress in Palliative Care · doi:10.1179/1743291x13y.0000000075 · Cited by 31
Self-citationToward a lifespan approach to resilience and potential trauma
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“For primary preventive intervention to be helpful it seems at least necessary for clients to initiate help themselves, instead of help being offered to them (Currier et al., 2008; Schut & Stroebe, 2005; Schut et al., 2001).”
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Iliya, Y. A. (2015) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.946623 · Cited by 29
“In a meta-analysis of grief therapy interventions for bereaved individuals, Currier et al. (2008) found grief therapy interventions to be significantly more effective when compared to the control conditions, immediately following the interventions.”
BackgroundInfluentialAppel, C., Frederiksen, K., Hjalgrim, H., Dyregrov, A., Dalton, S. O., Dencker, A., Høybye, M. T., Dige, J., Bøge, P., Mikkelsen, O. A., et al. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494818806371 · Cited by 27
“The effect sizes from meta-analyses, including these interventions, may not be generalizable to grief counseling in real-world settings to which participants are primarily self-referred [7, 12].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialThe Role of Grief, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms in the Use of Bereavement Services
Bergman, E. J., Haley, W. E., & Small, B. J. (2010) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481181003697746 · Cited by 26
“Recent comprehensive reviews of the efficacy of bereavement interventions (Currier et al., 2008; Schut & Stroebe, 2005; Schut et al., 2001) conclude that interventions are more effective when targeted to individuals in high-risk groups or individuals already suffering from complicated grief, as…”
BackgroundTreglia, D., Cutuli, J. J., Arasteh, K., Bridgeland, J. M., Edson, G., Phillips, S., & Balakrishna, A. (2022) · SocArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/jnr93 · Cited by 26
Bereavement support guidelines for caregivers in palliative care: a scoping review
Coelho, A., Albuquerque, S., & Neto, D. D. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1541783 · Cited by 26
“Specialized, tailored interventions are more effective in addressing the specific needs of individuals experiencing complicated grief rather than relying on universal interventions for all bereaved individuals (Currier et al., 2008).”
Bereavement interventions, end‐of‐life cancer care, and spousal well‐being: A systematic review.
Gauthier, L. R., & Gagliese, L. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.2012.01275.x · Cited by 28
Who uses bereavement services? An examination of service use by bereaved dementia caregivers
Bergman, E. J., Haley, W. E., & Small, B. J. (2011) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2010.543661 · Cited by 24
“While there has been controversy about the effectiveness of bereavement services (Larson & Hoyt, 2007 ), there is increasingly a consensus that highly distressed bereaved individuals can benefit from grief therapy (Currier, Neimeyer, & Berman, 2008 ).”
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“subgroups of bereaved individuals has been acknowledged (Currier et al. 2008).”
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“Indeed, considerable consensus has been reached among reviewers of the scientific body of research regarding a major question: for whom is professional intervention effective? Research has shown that intervention is not effective for the bereaved in general, but is effective for those at high risk or for those who are…”
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“On the contrary, widowers had higher mortality rates than widows (Currier, Neimeyer, & Berman, 2008 ; Verbrugge, 1989 ; Verbrugge & Wingard, 1987 ).”
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“Second, following indications in the literature of a diminishment of effect with the passage of time (Currier et al., 2008), we expected to see a smaller difference between the slopes of symptom level change between the intervention and the control group in the postmeasure to follow‐up interval (one and a half years a…”
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“As a corollary of this fundamental postulate, dozens of randomized controlled trials of grief therapy demonstrate that it makes little contribution to the adjustment of the bereaved when offered “universally” to all who have lost a loved one (Currier et al., 2008; Neimeyer & Currier, 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBereavement risk screening: A pathway to psychosocial oncology care
Roberts, K. E., Jankauskaite, G., Slivjak, E. T., Rubin, L., Schachter, S. R., Stabler, S. M., Wiener, L. S., Prigerson, H. G., & Lichtenthal, W. G. (2020) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5526 · Cited by 24
Means to Meaning in Cancer-Related Bereavement
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“These findings differ from those of several recent meta-analyses that bereavement programs are most appropriate for the most distressed individuals (Currier et al. 2008; Wittouck et al. 2011) but are consistent with other findings on the FBP’s effects (Sandler et al. 2010a).”
ResultBereavement Support in Palliative Care: A National Survey of Australian Services
Kobel, C., Morris, D., Thompson, C., & Williams, K. E. (2019) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2018.0502 · Cited by 21
“14 Instead, palliative care services should provide a universal, coordinated approach to bereavement support at various time points, to be taken up as required 2 or, as Larson and Hoyt recommend, when offering grief counseling (and other support) to prospective clients, services should ‘‘reach but…”
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“This lack of longer-term effects was also emphasised in a recent, excellent review by Currier, Neimeyer and Berman ( 2008 ).”
BackgroundParticipants' Recommendations for the Ideal Grief Group: A Qualitative Study
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“Fortunately, whether in the context of formal psychotherapy or simply in the course of living, most survivors ultimately accommodate the unwelcome transitions introduced by many kinds of losses (Currier et al. 2008 ; Neimeyer and Currier 2009 ).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGarcía, J. A., Landa, V., Gonzalo Grandes, O., Pombo, H., & Mauriz, A. (2012) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2012.722041 · Cited by 19
“At present this is a controversial issue (Currier et al., 2008; Hoyt & Larson, 2010; Larson & Hoyt, 2007; Lilienfeld, 2007; Neimeyer, 2010; Schut, 2010; Wimpenny et al., 2006), but we believe that bereavement intervention, as in any other treatment, has its indications, ‘‘doses,’’ and adverse…”
BackgroundResultWenn, J. A., O’Connor, M., Breen, L. J., Kane, R. T., & Rees, C. S. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007221 · Cited by 19
“12 Grief interventions for ‘normal’ grief have not been efficacious and in many cases have even obstructed grief processes.(13) Interventions based on standard treatments for depression show minimal effects.”
BackgroundParticipants with Prolonged Grief—How Do They Benefit from Grief Group Participation?
Johnsen, I., Dyregrov, A., & Dyregrov, K. (2012) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.65.2.a · Cited by 21
Larson, D. G., & Hoyt, W. T. (2009) · Bereavement Care · doi:10.1080/02682620903355424 · Cited by 19
“A recent comprehensive meta-analysis by Currier, Neimeyer, and Berman (2008) similarly reported strong evidence of effectiveness in those studies that included participants for whom intervention was ‘indicated’ (ie. studies that assessed for and only selected participants who were manifesting…”
Li, J., Chan, J. S. M., Chow, A. Y. M., Yuen, L. P., & Chan, C. (2015) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2015/631410 · Cited by 19
Coping Processes Among Bereaved Spouses
Caserta, M. S., Utz, R., Lund, D. A., Swenson, K. L., & de Vries, B. (2013) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2012.738767 · Cited by 19
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“Several studies and meta-analyses have established the efficacy of traditional face-to-face interventions for grief counseling [1,2].”
Caserta, M. S., Lund, D. A., Utz, R., & Tabler, J. (2015) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222815575895 · Cited by 18
“Bereaved individuals do not all require the same level of support and it would be futile to provide more than what one needs or desires (Currier et al., 2008).”
BackgroundInfluentialEvaluating the Efficacy of EMDR With Grieving Individuals: A Randomized Control Trial
Meysner, L., Cotter, P., & Lee, C. (2016) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/1933-3196.10.1.2 · Cited by 13
“Together, these findings support the conclusions of Currier et al. (2008) and Wittouck et al. (2011) that interventions can be effective in reducing grief and will be of most benefit to those who report higher levels of distress and lower levels of functioning.”
ResultPatient and Provider Perspectives on a Mind–Body Program for Grieving Older Adults
Bui, É., Chad‐Friedman, E., Wieman, S. T., Grasfield, R. H., Rolfe, A., Dong, M., Park, E. R., & Denninger, J. W. (2017) · American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® · doi:10.1177/1049909117743956 · Cited by 18
“03).(18) Taken together with the fact that the experience of bereavement and needs for support differ by type of individual and death,(21) this suggests that future efforts should focus on approaches that target specific at-risk populations(18) such as widowed older adults.”
Background“If only…”: Counterfactual thinking in bereavement
Neimeyer, R. A., Pitcho‐Prelorentzos, S., & Shamir, M. M. (2019) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2019.1679959 · Cited by 19
Self-citationMacKinnon, C. J., Smith, N. G., Henry, M., Milman, E. J., Chochinov, H. M., Körner, A., Berish, M., Farrace, A. J., Liarikos, N., & Cohen, S. R. (2015) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.958628 · Cited by 18
A Systematic Review of Treatment Options for Grieving Older Adults
Roberts, K. E., Walsh, L. E., Saracino, R. M., Fogarty, J., Coats, T., Goldberg, J., Prigerson, H. G., & Lichtenthal, W. G. (2019) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-019-00191-x · Cited by 19
Finding Meaning in Loss: A Narrative Constructivist Contribution
Alves, D., Neimeyer, R. A., Batista, J., & Gonçalves, M. M. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-65241-2_8 · Cited by 17
Self-citationMacKinnon, C. J., Smith, N. G., Henry, M., Berish, M., Milman, E. J., Körner, A., Copeland, L. S., Chochinov, H. M., & Cohen, S. R. (2013) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2012.738768 · Cited by 17
Initial management of bereaved relatives following trauma
Parris, R. J. (2011) · Trauma · doi:10.1177/1460408611420352 · Cited by 17
“Studies have demonstrated that primary intervention is ineffective, that secondary intervention is of extremely limited benefit with probably no significant sustained effects but that tertiary interventions are effective in alleviating psychological symptoms due to bereavement (Parkes, 1998a; Forte et al., 2004; Schut…”
BackgroundBereavement and Bereavement Care in Health and Social Care: Provision and Practice in Scotland
Stephen, A. I., Wimpenny, P., Unwin, R., Work, F., Dempster, P., Macduff, C., Wilcock, S. E., & Brown, A. H. (2009) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180802671944 · Cited by 16
Ing, V., Patterson, P., Szabó, M., & Allison, K. R. (2019) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-001959 · Cited by 16
Parental Grief Expression in Online Cancer Support Groups
Elder, J., & Burke, L. A. (2015) · Illness Crisis & Loss · doi:10.1177/1054137315576617 · Cited by 17
“Eventually most survivors accommodate the loss into their lives (Neimeyer & Currier, 2009), with only the most distressed needing formal grief therapy (Currier et al., 2008).”
BackgroundMancini, A. D., Bonanno, G. A., & Sinan, B. (2014) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191114550816 · Cited by 17
Abnormal Grief: Should We Consider a More Patient-Centered Approach?
Moayedoddin, B., & Markowitz, J. C. (2015) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2015.69.4.361 · Cited by 17
Grassetti, S. N., Williamson, A. A., Herres, J. L., Kobak, R., Layne, C. M., Kaplow, J. B., & Pynoos, R. S. (2018) · School Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1037/spq0000231 · Cited by 18
“For example, meta-analyses have demonstrated that both current distress level and time elapsed since death moderate intervention effectiveness (Currier et al., 2007; Currier et al., 2008; Rosner et al., 2010).”
BackgroundWho Needs Grief Counseling? A Report from the Scott & White Grief Study
Gamino, L. A., Sewell, K. W., Hogan, N. S., & Mason, S. L. (2010) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.60.3.a · Cited by 15
“This self-identification of problems with grieving is exactly what meta-analytic reviews (Allumbaugh & Hoyt, 1999; Currier et al., 2008; Neimeyer, 2000; Schut et al., 2001) promote as a subjective indicator of who is most likely to benefit from counseling.”
BackgroundBereavement in family context: Coping with the loss of a loved one
Stroebe, M. (2010) · Family Science · doi:10.1080/19424620.2010.576081 · Cited by 15
“The general conclusion - which has been supported by additional reviews in the meantime (eg, Currier, Neimeyer, & Berman, 2008 ) - is that it is not appropriate to offer intervention to people simply based on the fact that they have suffered the loss of a loved one.”
BackgroundWhat do people really think about grief counseling? Examining community attitudes
Breen, L. J., Croucamp, C. J., & Rees, C. S. (2018) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2018.1506527 · Cited by 15
“seling (Currier et al., 2008), and difficulties with cop-”
BackgroundRural health professionals’ perspectives on providing grief and loss support in cancer care
Breen, L. J., & O’Connor, M. (2013) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12091 · Cited by 15
Treating the Full Range of Posttraumatic Reactions
Bryant, R. A. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781118269961.ch9 · Cited by 15
Addressing Grief and Bereavement in Covid-19 Pandemic
Arora, S., & Bhatia, S. (2023) · Illness Crisis & Loss · doi:10.1177/10541373221145536 · Cited by 20
Neimeyer, R. A., Testoni, I., Ronconi, L., Biancalani, G., Antonellini, M., & Corso, L. D. (2021) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs11110149 · Cited by 14
Self-citationCommon Therapeutic Factors in Bereavement Groups
Rice, A. J. (2014) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.946627 · Cited by 14
“…groups show promise in the treatment of CG and may even have value in providing short-term relief and improving well-being among those who seek treatment but do not manifest CG responses (Currier et al., 2008; Kang & Yoo, 2007; Wittouck, Van Autreve, De Jaegere, Portzky, & van Heeringen, 2011).”
BackgroundDiamond, H., Llewelyn, S. P., Relf, M., & Bruce, C. (2012) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2011.553334 · Cited by 14
“Some researchers (eg, Currier, Neimeyer, & Berman, 2008 ; Schut, Stroebe, van den Bout, & Terheggen, 2001 ) have concluded that although bereavement support is effective for those exhibiting complicated grief, it is unproven for others.”
BackgroundLoss and grief: the role of individual differences
Mancini, A. D., & Bonanno, G. A. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511994791.015 · Cited by 13
Foster, R. D., & Holden, J. M. (2012) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2012.735189 · Cited by 14
Davis, E. L., Deane, F. P., & Lyons, G. C. (2019) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105316679724 · Cited by 12
Trucco, A., Backhouse, T., Mioshi, E., & Kishita, N. (2023) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2023.2191351 · Cited by 12
“…for individuals who have experienced the death of a family member with other conditions reported that interventions targeting grief, such as psychotherapy and counseling, have a positive effect on alleviating grief symptoms (Currier et al., 2008; Johannsen et al., 2019; Wilson et al., 2017).”
BackgroundVandersman, P., Chakraborty, A., Rowley, G., & Tieman, J. (2024) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2024.105473 · Cited by 13
What have we learned from research on grief counselling?
Hoyt, W. T., & Larson, D. G. (2010) · Bereavement Care · doi:10.1080/02682620903560841 · Cited by 13
“Allumbaugh and Hoyt ( 1999 ) suggested that studies involving self-referred clients showed much stronger effects than those using other recruitment procedures, and Currier, Neimeyer and Berman ( 2008 ) found a similar jump in effectiveness for studies of participants who were self-referred or clinically referred over…”
ResultSiddaway, A. P., Wood, A., Schulz, J., & Trickey, D. (2015) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2014.913085 · Cited by 11
“We are also unable to comment on the degree to which potential mechanisms of change (e.g., constructing a subjective sense of understanding in the death; posttraumatic growth: Currier et al., 2008) may have explained the outcomes observed.”
BackgroundResultLong‐term collective assistance for the bereaved following a disaster: A Scandinavian approach
Dyregrov, A., Straume, M., & Sari, S. (2009) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/14733140802656404 · Cited by 13
“The review of Currier, Neimeyer and Berman ( 2008 ) includes studies very dissimilar to the one described herein and refers to non-disaster related deaths.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Currier, J. M., Neimeyer, R. A., & Berman, J. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Memphis (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 648-661
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W1996791213
- Semantic Scholar
- e48256d4aa8a340ba6e8c4f33ffc63e995154890
- Cited by
- 431
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 27.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- bereavement, grief, psychotherapeutic interventions, bereavement interventions, adaptation to loss, treatment effectiveness, follow-up outcomes, natural recovery
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Bereavement, Humans, Psychoanalytic Therapy, Stress, Psychological, Treatment Outcome
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