The DOI matches its Crossref record; 153 of the 153 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A new look at habits and the habit-goal interface.
Abstract
The present model outlines the mechanisms underlying habitual control of responding and the ways in which habits interface with goals. Habits emerge from the gradual learning of associations between responses and the features of performance contexts that have historically covaried with them (e.g., physical settings, preceding actions). Once a habit is formed, perception of contexts triggers the associated response without a mediating goal. Nonetheless, habits interface with goals. Constraining this interface, habit associations accrue slowly and do not shift appreciably with current goal states or infrequent counterhabitual responses. Given these constraints, goals can (a) direct habits by motivating repetition that leads to habit formation and by promoting exposure to cues that trigger habits, (b) be inferred from habits, and (c) interact with habits in ways that preserve the learned habit associations. Finally, the authors outline the implications of the model for habit change, especially for the self-regulation of habit cuing.
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“Research in a very wide range of settingscar use, recycling, blood donation, votinghas shown that people maintain these habitual behaviours, even if their goals change (Wood & Neal, 2007).”
From Identifying the characteristics of effective teacher professional development: a critical review (2021) · cites this paper as Wood & Neal, 2007
In the citing paper
“Experimental and observational research in a range of contexts, as well as evidence from neuroscientific research, shows that it is necessary to repeatedly practice new behaviours before they become automatic (see Wood and Neal, 2007).”
From Identifying the characteristics of effective teacher professional development: a critical review (2021) · cites this paper as Wood and Neal, 2007
In the citing paper
“Wood and Neal (2007) have proposed that repetition of behaviour in a consistent setting could lead to the development of goal-directed automaticity rather than habit when the behaviour is complex.”
From How are habits formed: modelling habit formation in the real world (2010) · cites this paper as Wood and Neal, 2007
In the citing paper
“Because exercise behaviours can be considered more complex than eating or drinking behaviours, development of automaticity for these behaviours may take longer or reach a lower maximum.”
From How are habits formed: modelling habit formation in the real world (2010) · cites this paper as Wood and Neal, 2007
In the citing paper
“The SRHI items used here assess automaticity rather than habit strength.”
From How are habits formed: modelling habit formation in the real world (2010) · cites this paper as Wood and Neal (2007)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wood, W., & Neal, D. T.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- ORCID
- Wood, Wendy
- Venue
- Psychological Review
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 843-863
- ISSN
- 0033-295X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1471
- OpenAlex
- W2103676101
- Cited by
- 1,470
- References
- 153
- Citations by year
- 2026: 141 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 75 · 2020: 182 · 2019: 71 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 68 · 2015: 88 · 2014: 88 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 72
- FWCI
- 36.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Duke University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- habit, habit formation, goal-directed behavior, habit change
- MeSH terms
- Automatism, Cues, Goals, Habits, Humans, Motivation, Social Control, Informal
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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