An illusion of memory: False recognition influenced by unconscious perception.

Abstract

The results of two experiments showed that an illusion of memory can be produced by unconscious perception. In a first phase of those experiments, a long list of words was presented for study. For the test of recognition memory given in the second phase of each experiment, presentation of a word preceded that of most recognition test words. Ss were to judge whether or not the test words had been presented during the earlier study phase of the experiment. Effects of a context word on this recognition memory decision were opposite when Ss were aware vs. unaware of its presentation. For example, as compared to a condition in which no context word was presented, the probability of false recognition was increased when Ss were unaware but decreased when Ss were aware of the presentation of a context word that matched the recognition test word. Results are discussed in terms of unconscious influences on an attribution process.

Cites (2)

1. Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability
   Tversky, Amos, Kahneman, Daniel · 1973 · Cognitive Psychology
2. Nonanalytic Cognition: Memory, Perception, and Concept Learning
   Jacoby, Larry L., Brooks, Lee R. · 1984 · Psychology of Learning and Motivation

Show all 2 references

Cited by (17)

1. The Nature of Recollection and Familiarity: A Review of 30 Years of Research
   Yonelinas, Andrew P · 2002 · Journal of Memory and Language
2. How do we know that we know? The accessibility model of the feeling of knowing
   Koriat, Asher · 1993 · Psychological Review
3. The truth about the truth: a meta-analytic review of the truth effect
   Dechêne, Alice, Stahl, Christoph, Hansen, Jochim, Wänke, Michaela · 2010 · Personality and Social Psychology Review
4. Metacognition and consciousness
   Koriat, Asher · 2007 · The Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness
5. A re-examination of the mere exposure effect: The influence of repeated exposure on recognition, familiarity, and liking.
   Montoya, R. Matthew, Horton, Robert S., Vevea, Jack L., Citkowicz, Martyna, Lauber, Elissa A. · 2017 · Psychological Bulletin

See all 715