The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Replicable unconscious semantic priming.
Abstract
In 4 experiments, subjects classified visually presented target words as pleasant-unpleasant words or male-female first names. Prime words were similar (congruent) or dissimilar (incongruent) in meaning to targets. Brief duration of prime words (17, 33, or 50 ms), along with pre- and postmasking, prevented most subjects from perceiving their physical and semantic properties. By constraining response latencies to fall within a response window--a narrow time band that occurred earlier than subjects would ordinarily respond--these experiments consistently produced subliminal priming effects, indicated by greater error rates for incongruent than congruent priming trials. This conclusion was confirmed by analyzing magnitude of priming as a regression function of prime perceptibility using the method of A. G. Greenwald, M. R. Klinger, and E. S. Schuh (1995). The data of each experiment passed their significant-intercept criterion for demonstrating unconscious cognition.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
(1990) · Computers, Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,269
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,395
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, P., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410606266 · Cited by 20,737
Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
Stroop, J. R. (1935) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0054651 · Cited by 18,622
(1966) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,293
Cummins, R., & Fodor, J. (1985) · The Philosophical Review · doi:10.2307/2184717 · Cited by 4,791
Facilitation in recognizing pairs of words: Evidence of a dependence between retrieval operations.
Meyer, D. E., & Schvaneveldt, R. W. (1971) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031564 · Cited by 2,949
Neely, J. H. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.106.3.226 · Cited by 2,828
Information Processing and Cognition: The Loyola Symposium
Brown, A. S., & Solso, R. L. (1976) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421430 · Cited by 2,382
Graphical Methods for Data Analysis.
Healy, M. J. R., Chambers, J. M., Cleveland, W. S., Kleiner, B., & Tukey, P. A. (1984) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2981587 · Cited by 2,315
Cited by
(2003) · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145225 · Cited by 1,829
Kruglanski, A. W., Shah, J. Y., Fishbach, A., Friedman, R., Chun, W. Y., & Sleeth-Keppler, D. (2002) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(02)80008-9 · Cited by 1,386
Implicit attitude measures: Consistency, stability, and convergent validity
Cunningham, W. A., Preacher, K. J., & Banaji, M. R. (2001) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00328 · Cited by 968
Levels of processing during non-conscious perception: a critical review of visual masking
Kouider, S., & Dehaene, S. (2007) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2093 · Cited by 835
Imagining stereotypes away: The moderation of implicit stereotypes through mental imagery.
Blair, I. V., Ma, J. E., & Lenton, A. P. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.81.5.828 · Cited by 734
Metadata
- Authors
- Draine, S. C., & Greenwald, A. G.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 286-303
- ISSN
- 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2222
- OpenAlex
- W2108188540
- Cited by
- 444
- References
- 52
- FWCI
- 7.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Replicable unconscious semantic priming. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/0096-3445.127.3.286
- The paper
- Draine, S. C., & Greenwald, A. G. (1998). Replicable unconscious semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.127.3.286
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
