The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 75 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Color and psychological functioning: The effect of red on performance attainment.
Abstract
This research focuses on the relation between color and psychological functioning, specifically, that between red and performance attainment. Red is hypothesized to impair performance on achievement tasks, because red is associated with the danger of failure in achievement contexts and evokes avoidance motivation. Four experiments demonstrate that the brief perception of red prior to an important test (e.g., an IQ test) impairs performance, and this effect appears to take place outside of participants' conscious awareness. Two further experiments establish the link between red and avoidance motivation as indicated by behavioral (i.e., task choice) and psychophysiological (i.e., cortical activation) measures. The findings suggest that care must be taken in how red is used in achievement contexts and illustrate how color can act as a subtle environmental cue that has important influences on behavior.
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Cites
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Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.
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Handbook of Competence and Motivation
Elliot, A. J., & Dweck, C. S. (2013) · Cited by 4,671
Self-citationA 2 × 2 achievement goal framework.
Elliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.80.3.501 · Cited by 3,953
Self-citationMotivational determinants of risk-taking behavior.
Atkinson, J. W. (1957) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0043445 · Cited by 3,706
The unbearable automaticity of being
Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.462 · Cited by 3,699 · cited 1×
“…have demonstrated that encountering a negative object, event, or possibility (including the dangerous possibility of failure) automatically evokes a motivational tendency to avoid that object, event, or possibility (for reviews, see Bargh & Chartrand, 1999; Cacioppo, Gardner, & Berntson, 1999).”
BackgroundGender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings.
Costa, P. T., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.322 · Cited by 2,986
Approach and avoidance achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: A mediational analysis.
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Self-citationThe automated will: nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals.
Bargh, J. A., Gollwitzer, P. M., Lee-Chai, A., Barndollar, K., & Trötschel, R. (2001) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.6.1014 · Cited by 1,865
Cited by
Blue or Red? Exploring the Effect of Color on Cognitive Task Performances
Mehta, R., & Zhu, R. (. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1169144 · Cited by 763
Exciting red and competent blue: the importance of color in marketing
Labrecque, L. I., & Milne, G. R. (2012) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-010-0245-y · Cited by 733
Emotional design in multimedia learning.
Um, E. “., Plass, J. L., Hayward, E. O., & Homer, B. D. (2012) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0026609 · Cited by 641
Color and Psychological Functioning
Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2007) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00514.x · Cited by 411
Self-citationImplicit affective cues and attentional tuning: An integrative review
Friedman, R. S., & Förster, J. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0020495 · Cited by 311
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Elliot, A. J., Maier, M. A., Moller, A. C., Friedman, R., & Meinhardt, J.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 154-168
- ISSN
- 0096-3445 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2222
- OpenAlex
- W2061915922
- Cited by
- 698
- References
- 75
- FWCI
- 23.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Elliot, A. J., Maier, M. A., Moller, A. C., Friedman, R., & Meinhardt, J. (2007). Color and psychological functioning: The effect of red on performance attainment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.136.1.154
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
