Cited by 464Personality Traits and PsychologyPsychological Well-being and Life SatisfactionBehavioral Health and Interventions

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Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review.

Kern, Margaret L., Friedman, Howard S.·2008·Health Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0278-6133.27.5.505

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Following up on growing evidence that higher levels of conscientiousness are associated with greater health protection, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of the association between conscientiousness-related traits and longevity. DESIGN: Using a random-effects analysis model, the authors statistically combined 20 independent samples. In addition, the authors used fixed-effects analyses to examine specific facets of conscientiousness and study characteristics as potential moderators of this relationship. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effect sizes were computed for each individual sample as the correlation coefficient r, based on the relationship between conscientiousness and mortality risk (all-cause mortality risk, longevity, or length of survival). RESULTS: Higher levels of conscientiousness were significantly and positively related to longevity (r = .11, 95% confidence interval = .05-.17). Associations were strongest for the achievement (persistent, industrious) and order (organized, disciplined) facets of conscientiousness. CONCLUSION: Results strongly support the importance of conscientiousness-related traits to health across the life span. Future research and interventions should consider how individual differences in conscientiousness may cause and be shaped by health-relevant biopsychosocial events across many years.

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Authors: Kern, M. L., & Friedman, H. S.
Affiliations: University of California, Riverside (US)
ORCID: Kern, Margaret L.
Friedman, Howard S.
Venue: Health Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2008-09
Volume: 27
Issue: 5
Pages: 505-512
ISSN: 0278-6133 (ISSN-L)
1930-7810
DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.5.505
OpenAlex: W2097694521
Cited by: 464
References: 74
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 42
FWCI: 21.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Health Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (AG08825, AG027001)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: conscientiousness, personality traits, longevity, mortality risk, all-cause mortality, personality and health
MeSH terms: Health Status, Humans, Longevity, Personality, Social Responsibility

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Citations

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About these checks