Cited by 663Animal Behavior and ReproductionMemory and Neural MechanismsPrimate Behavior and Ecology

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Antipredator defensive behaviors in a visible burrow system

Blanchard, Robert J., Blanchard, D. Caroline·1989·Journal of comparative psychology

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Abstract

Analyzed defensive behaviors in a seminatural setting through videorecordings of groups of 4 male and 4 female rats. Before cat exposure dominant males showed more offensive behavior, eating, drinking, and use of the open area than subordinates. Presentation of a cat in the open area produced changes in four subpatterns of defense over a 24-hr period: withdrawal; immobility and movement constraint; risk assessment; and suppression of nondefensive behaviors. All Ss showed pronounced and consistent changes in each of these patterns, but dominant males alone showed increased risk assessment-related corner runs. These results provide an extensive description of rat defensive behaviors in a seminatural and relatively unstructured situation and suggest that the anxiety process is initially associated with withdrawal and movement arrest, giving way to a crucial and long-lasting risk-assessment stage that provides information leading to either further defensiveness or a return to nondefensive behaviors. This analysis suggests new models for the study of anxiety.

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MotivationWe thank A. E. Fink for producing the Predatory Imminence Continuum artwork in Figure . We would like to thank M. Tinsley for his contribution to the first edition of this chapter. We would like to thank Polar Bears Alive, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, for the use of the polar bear photo, M. Domjan for the quail photo, K. Hollis for the pictures of the fish, and S. Crowley for the pictures of the rats.
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Epigraph
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Preface to the paperback edition
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Authors: Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C.
Affiliations: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
ORCID: Blanchard, D. Caroline
Venue: Journal of comparative psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1989-03
Volume: 103
Issue: 1
Pages: 70-82
ISSN: 0093-4127 (ISSN-L)
1939-2087
0735-7036
DOI: 10.1037/0735-7036.103.1.70
OpenAlex: W2057317784
Cited by: 663
References: 7
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 20.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of comparative psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-06220)
National Center for Research Resources (RR01825, RR03061)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords: antipredator behavior, defensive behavior, rats, burrow systems, social dominance, risk assessment, anxiety, withdrawal, immobility
MeSH terms: Animals, Appetitive Behavior, Arousal, Behavior, Animal, Cats, Consummatory Behavior, Escape Reaction, Female, Motor Activity, Predatory Behavior, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Social Environment, Rats

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Antipredator defensive behaviors in a visible burrow system

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