Cited by 663Animal Behavior and ReproductionMemory and Neural MechanismsPrimate Behavior and Ecology

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Antipredator defensive behaviors in a visible burrow system

Blanchard, Robert J., Blanchard, D. Caroline·1989·Journal of comparative psychology

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Abstract

Analyzed defensive behaviors in a seminatural setting through videorecordings of groups of 4 male and 4 female rats. Before cat exposure dominant males showed more offensive behavior, eating, drinking, and use of the open area than subordinates. Presentation of a cat in the open area produced changes in four subpatterns of defense over a 24-hr period: withdrawal; immobility and movement constraint; risk assessment; and suppression of nondefensive behaviors. All Ss showed pronounced and consistent changes in each of these patterns, but dominant males alone showed increased risk assessment-related corner runs. These results provide an extensive description of rat defensive behaviors in a seminatural and relatively unstructured situation and suggest that the anxiety process is initially associated with withdrawal and movement arrest, giving way to a crucial and long-lasting risk-assessment stage that provides information leading to either further defensiveness or a return to nondefensive behaviors. This analysis suggests new models for the study of anxiety.

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Authors: Blanchard, R. J., & Blanchard, D. C.
Affiliations: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
ORCID: Blanchard, D. Caroline
Venue: Journal of comparative psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1989-03
Volume: 103
Issue: 1
Pages: 70-82
ISSN: 0093-4127 (ISSN-L)
1939-2087
0735-7036
DOI: 10.1037/0735-7036.103.1.70
OpenAlex: W2057317784
Cited by: 663
References: 7
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 20.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of comparative psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-06220)
National Center for Research Resources (RR01825, RR03061)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
Keywords: antipredator behavior, defensive behavior, rats, burrow systems, social dominance, risk assessment, anxiety, withdrawal, immobility
MeSH terms: Animals, Appetitive Behavior, Arousal, Behavior, Animal, Cats, Consummatory Behavior, Escape Reaction, Female, Motor Activity, Predatory Behavior, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Social Environment, Rats

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Antipredator defensive behaviors in a visible burrow system

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