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Recognizing facial cues: individual discrimination by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
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Faces are one of the most salient classes of stimuli involved in social communication. Three experiments compared face-recognition abilities in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). In the face-matching task, the chimpanzees matched identical photographs of conspecifics' faces on Trial 1, and the rhesus monkeys did the same after 4 generalization trials. In the individual-recognition task, the chimpanzees matched 2 different photographs of the same individual after 2 trials, and the rhesus monkeys generalized in fewer than 6 trials. The feature-masking task showed that the eyes were the most important cue for individual recognition. Thus, chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys are able to use facial cues to discriminate unfamiliar conspecifics. Although the rhesus monkeys required many trials to learn the tasks, this is not evidence that faces are not as important social stimuli for them as for the chimpanzees.
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“even though the eyes occupied only 2.6% of the video frames, monkeys Q, Z, and G spent 39.1%, 26.8%, and 17.2% fixating them.”
From Neurons in the Monkey Amygdala Detect Eye Contact during Naturalistic Social Interactions (2014) · cites this paper as [9]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Parr, L. A., Winslow, J. T., Hopkins, W. D., & de Waal, F. B. M.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Venue
- Journal of comparative psychology
- Published
- 2000
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-60
- ISSN
- 0093-4127 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2087
- 0735-7036
- PMC
- PMC2018744
- OpenAlex
- W2106317740
- Cited by
- 230
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 5.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of comparative psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01rr009797-05, NINDS-29574)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS036605, R01NS042867)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-00 165, R01-RR-09797, P51RR000165)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD038051)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Keywords
- face recognition (cognition), individual recognition, chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, facial cues, social communication, primate cognition, feature masking
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Pan troglodytes, Discrimination Learning, Facial Expression, Female, Macaca mulatta, Male, Perceptual Masking, Mental Recall, Social Perception, Species Specificity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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