Modality specific Type 2 theta production in the immobile rat.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the relative effectiveness of stimulation of different sensory modalities in eliciting Type 2 theta in the rat in the presence or absence of a ferret. Visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli were presented to rats in both conditions. Tactile stimulation produced more movement than either visual or auditory stimuli when the ferret was present. In both conditions, however, more Type 2 theta was observed in response to tactile or visual stimulation than to auditory stimulation. In the arousal condition, stimulation of tactile and auditory modalities resulted in significant increases in the amount of Type 2 theta produced. Input to the visual modality produced high levels of Type 2 theta production in both low- and high-arousal conditions. It is argued that Type 2 theta is not necessarily a precursor to movement but rather sensory processing while in a high state of arousal.
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Earlier work indicated that LFP theta bouts can be evoked by emotionally salient stimuli and are associated with specific body movements.
“Although earlier work indicated that LFP theta bouts can be evoked by emotionally salient stimuli26–28 and being associated with specific body movements29, the behavioral correlates of these theta oscillations have remained largely unresolved.”
From Place and behavioral modulation of hippocampal neurons during immobility (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
Classical work in rodents demonstrated two mechanistically distinct types of theta oscillations: fast Type-1 (atropine-insensitive) theta oscillations (7-11 Hz) during locomotion, and slower Type-2 (atropine-sensitive) oscillations (4-7 Hz) thought to occur preferentially during immobility.
“Classical work in rodents has demonstrated the existence of two mechanistically distinct types of theta oscillations: fast Type-1 (atropine-insensitive) theta oscillations (7–11 Hz), which are observed during locomotion, and slower Type-2 (atropine-sensitive) oscillations (4–7 Hz), which are thought to preferentially occur during immobility26–28,42,50,97.”
From Place and behavioral modulation of hippocampal neurons during immobility (2026) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Montoya, C. P., Heynen, A. J., Faris, P. D., & Sainsbury, R. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Venue
- Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 1989
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 106-111
- ISSN
- 0735-7044 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0084
- OpenAlex
- W4243615572
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- theta oscillations, immobility, neural oscillations
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Arousal, Atropine, Auditory Pathways, Electroencephalography, Ferrets, Hippocampus, Male, Physical Stimulation, Visual Pathways, Rats
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