Perceptual speed in adulthood: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

Schaie, K. Warner

doi:10.1037/0882-7974.4.4.443

Cited by 163Aging and Gerontology ResearchCognitive Abilities and TestingDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Perceptual speed in adulthood: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

Schaie, K. Warner·1989·Psychology and Aging

DOI 10.1037/0882-7974.4.4.443

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Abstract

Cross-sectional data on age differences in perceptual speed are presented from the Seattle Longitudinal Study for the age range 22-91 years (N = 1,620, first assessed in 1977; N = 628, first assessed in 1984). In addition, 838 subjects were followed over the 7-year interval. Markers of perceptual speed were the Identical Pictures and Finding A's tests from the ETS Kit of Factor-Referenced Tests. Significant age differences, age changes, and cohort differences were found at both observed variable and latent construct levels. Cross-lagged correlations examine the role of perceptual speed in predicting later performance on other abilities (Verbal Meaning, Inductive Reasoning, Spatial Orientation, Number, and Word Fluency). When perceptual speed is partialled out of scores for these abilities, aging effects are reduced markedly for all abilities, but least for Spatial Orientation and Inductive Reasoning.

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“This single factor in turn accounts for a significant proportion of the variance found in mental abilities such as fluid intelligence and working memory capacity (Salthouse, 1993; Schaie, 1989).”
From Reducing working memory load in spoken dialogue systems (2009) · cites this paper as Schaie, 1989
Cognitive slowing cannot fully account for age-related cognitive decline.
“However, it has been argued that cognitive slowing cannot fully account for age-related cognitive decline (Bugg et al., 2006; Salthouse, 1991; Schaie, 1989).”
From Reducing working memory load in spoken dialogue systems (2009) · cites this paper as Schaie, 1989

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Authors: Schaie, K. W.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author: Schaie, K. Warner
Venue: Psychology and Aging
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1989
Volume: 4
Issue: 4
Pages: 443-453
ISSN: 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
1939-1498
DOI: 10.1037/0882-7974.4.4.443
OpenAlex: W1974333221
Cited by: 163
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 7.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: correction (2006-07-10)
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Aging (AG04770-03)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords: perceptual speed, aging, age differences, cognitive aging, Seattle Longitudinal Study, latent constructs, cohort differences, verbal meaning, inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, number processing, verbal fluency, cross-lagged correlations
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Individuality, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Processes, Middle Aged, Perception, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics

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Perceptual speed in adulthood: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

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