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Daily processes in stress and smoking: effects of negative events, nicotine dependence, and gender
Abstract
The author used a multilevel daily process design to examine relations among daily negative events, perceived stress, smoking, and smoking urges. The moderating effects of gender and nicotine dependence were also explored. Fifty-one adult community-residing smokers recorded negative events, perceived stress, cigarette smoking, and urges to smoke 4 times daily for 14 days. Analyses of within-person relations showed that participants smoked more cigarettes and experienced more urges to smoke on occasions with higher numbers of negative events and higher levels of perceived stress. These relations were stronger for men than for women. Nicotine dependence did not interact with events or stress in predicting smoking or urges. These findings build on laboratory studies and cross-sectional surveys by showing that in naturalistic settings, occasions with negative events and perceived stress are associated with smoking and urges to smoke.
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“Other studies have found that stress is associated with higher levels of smoking.101,102”
From Evaluating Long-term Outcomes of NHS Stop Smoking Services (ELONS): a prospective cohort study (2015) · cites this paper as [102]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Todd, M.
- Affiliations
- Arizona State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Todd, Michael
- ORCID
- Todd, Michael
- Venue
- Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-39
- ISSN
- 0893-164X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1501
- OpenAlex
- W2085217701
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychology of Addictive Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P60AA06282, T32AA07290, T32AA007290, P60AA006282)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- smoking, smoking urges, perceived stress, negative events, nicotine dependence, gender differences, within-person variability, naturalistic behavior, cigarette consumption
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arizona, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Risk, Sex Factors, Smoking, Stress, Psychological, Tobacco Use Disorder, Multivariate Analysis
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