The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Negative Affects Deriving From the Behavioral Approach System.
Abstract
Does the behavioral approach system (BAS) relate to the experience of any negative affects, or are all negative affects tied to the behavioral inhibition system (BIS)? In Study 1, self-reported Fun Seeking predicted reports of greater frustration and sadness after frustrative nonreward. In Study 2, self-reported Reward Responsiveness predicted reports of greater anger in response to scenarios. In Study 3, self-reported Drive predicted reports of greater anger after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In no case did BIS sensitivity contribute uniquely to these affects, though BIS predicted nervousness in Study 2 and fear in Study 3. Discussion focuses on the role of frustration and anger in effortful pursuit of goals and depressed affect in disengagement from goals.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Higgins, E. T. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.12.1280 · Cited by 6,775
The Cognitive Structure of Emotions
Ortony, A., Clore, G. L., & Collins, A. (1988) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511571299 · Cited by 6,208
Plans and the structure of behavior.
Miller, G. A., Galanter, E., & Pribram, K. H. (1960) · doi:10.1037/10039-000 · Cited by 4,630
Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix
Steiger, J. H. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.87.2.245 · Cited by 4,621 · cited 5×
“Comparisons of the final betas (Steiger, 1980) confirmed that BIS was a significantly stronger predictor of nervousness than any BAS scale, smallest T(463) 5.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialOn the Self-Regulation of Behavior
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139174794 · Cited by 4,110
Self-citationCompas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.87 · Cited by 3,277
Behavior: The Control of Perception
Kuhn, A., & Powers, W. T. (1975) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2063243 · Cited by 2,398
Emotion, attention, and the startle reflex
Lang, P. J., Bradley, M. M., & Cuthbert, B. N. (1990) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.97.3.377 · Cited by 2,205
Depue, R. A., & Collins, P. F. (1999) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x99002046 · Cited by 2,046
Emotion, cognition, and behavior
Dolan, R. J. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1076358 · Cited by 1,979
Cited by
Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. (2010) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.100352 · Cited by 2,424
Self-citationRefining the relationship between personality and subjective well-being.
Steel, P., Schmidt, J., & Shultz, J. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.134.1.138 · Cited by 1,794
Anger is an approach-related affect: Evidence and implications.
Carver, C. S., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2009) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0013965 · Cited by 1,746
Self-citationExpressive Partisanship: Campaign Involvement, Political Emotion, and Partisan Identity
HUDDY, L., MASON, L., & AARØE, L. (2015) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055414000604 · Cited by 1,415
Basic Emotions, Natural Kinds, Emotion Schemas, and a New Paradigm
Izard, C. E. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00044.x · Cited by 1,110
Metadata
- Authors
- Carver, C. S.
- Venue
- Emotion
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-22
- ISSN
- 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
- 1931-1516
- OpenAlex
- W2137374870
- Cited by
- 661
- References
- 25
- FWCI
- 11.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Negative Affects Deriving From the Behavioral Approach System. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037/1528-3542.4.1.3
- The paper
- Carver, C. S. (2004). Negative Affects Deriving From the Behavioral Approach System. Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.4.1.3
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.