The DOI matches its Crossref record; 38 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Judging the intensity of facial expressions of emotion: depression-related biases in the processing of positive affect
Open accessAbstract
A forced-choice intensity judgment task was used to investigate biases in the processing of subtle expressions of emotion in participants with major depressive disorder (MDD). Participants were presented with 2 pictures of the same actor side by side, either depicting a neutral and a subtle emotional expression or depicting a subtle positive and a subtle negative expression. Participants were asked to indicate which of the 2 pictures showed the stronger emotion. Compared with participants with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and with never-disordered controls (CTLs), participants with MDD were less likely to judge subtle happy expressions as more intense than neutral expressions. In addition, compared with the CTL participants, participants who had MDD and participants who had SAD were less likely to judge subtle happy expressions to be more intense than negative expressions. Biases in the judgment of the intensity of subtle expressions of positive affect could play an important role in the interpersonal difficulties that are associated with depression.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“compared with healthy volunteers, depressed subjects rated the intensity of negative emotions as higher (Naranjo et al., 2011) and the intensity of positive facial expressions as lower (Yoon et al., 2009).”
From Social functioning in major depressive disorder (2016) · cites this paper as Yoon et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/springerreference_121117 · Cited by 20,772
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245
Ekman, P. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,345
Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders
Ince, L. P. (1977) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1977.31.4.633 · Cited by 2,889
The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions.
Ekman, P., & Davidson, R. J. (1994) · Oxford University Press eBooks · Cited by 2,839
Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion.
Ekman, P., Friesen, W. V., O'Sullivan, M., Chan, A., Diacoyanni-Tarlatzis, I., Heider, K., Krause, R., LeCompte, W. A., Pitcairn, T., Ricci-Bitti, P. E., et al. (1987) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.53.4.712 · Cited by 1,763
Gotlib, I. H., & Hammen, C. L. (2002) · Cited by 980
Self-citationStructured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV
(2007) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412952644.n443 · Cited by 725
Lawrence, N. S., Williams, A. M., Surguladze, S., Giampietro, V., Brammer, M. J., Andrew, C., Frangou, S., Ecker, C., & Phillips, M. L. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.11.017 · Cited by 548
Surguladze, S. A., Young, A. W., Senior, C., Brébion, G., Travis, M. J., & Phillips, M. L. (2004) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.18.2.212 · Cited by 525
Facial emotion discrimination: II. Behavioral findings in depression
Gur, R. C., Erwin, R. J., Gur, R. E., Zwil, A. S., Heimberg, C., & Kraemer, H. C. (1992) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(92)90116-k · Cited by 500
Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.4.705 · Cited by 438
Self-citationDecreased responsiveness to reward in depression
Henriques, J. B., & Davidson, R. J. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930050117684 · Cited by 399
Talbott, J. A. (2006) · Yearbook of Psychiatry and Applied Mental Health · doi:10.1016/s0084-3970(08)70124-5 · Cited by 394
Multidimensional scaling of emotional facial expressions: Similarity from preschoolers to adults.
Russell, J. A., & Bullock, M. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.5.1290 · Cited by 385
Persad, S. M., & Polivy, J. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.102.3.358 · Cited by 297
Neural Responses to Happy Facial Expressions in Major Depression Following Antidepressant Treatment
Fu, C. H. Y., Williams, S. C. R., Brammer, M. J., Suckling, J., Kim, J., Cleare, A. J., Walsh, N. D., Mitterschiffthaler, M. T., Andrew, C. M., Pich, E. M., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.4.599 · Cited by 288
Persad, S. M., & Polivy, J. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.102.3.358 · Cited by 285
Social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and the detection of negative emotion in others
Winton, E. C., Clark, D. M., & Edelmann, R. J. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)e0019-f · Cited by 273
Emotions are functional, most of the time
Frijda, N. H. (1994) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 270
Anxiety and the interpretation of ambiguity: A text comprehension study.
MacLeod, C., & Cohen, I. L. (1993) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.102.2.238 · Cited by 234
Depression in its interpersonal context.
Joiner, T. E., & Timmons, K. A. (2002) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · Cited by 204
Patterns of Visual Scanning as Predictors of Emotion Identification in Normal Aging.
Wong, B., Cronin‐Golomb, A., & Neargarder, S. A. (2005) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.19.6.739 · Cited by 196
Interpreting neutral faces as threatening is a default mode for socially anxious individuals
Yoon, K. L., & Zinbarg, R. E. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.117.3.680 · Cited by 190
Self-citationDETECTION OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONS OF EMOTIONS IN DEPRESSION
Suslow, T., Junghanns, K., & Arolt, V. (2001) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.2001.92.3.857 · Cited by 187
Memory bias for emotional facial expressions in major depression
Ridout, N., Astell, A., Reid, I., Glen, T., & O'Carroll, R. (2003) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930302272 · Cited by 155
Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Erhard-Weiss, D., & Jeczemien, P. (2002) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00266-4 · Cited by 135
Looking at facial expressions: Dysphoria and facial EMG
Sloan, D. M., Bradley, M. M., Dimoulas, E., & Lang, P. J. (2002) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(02)00044-3 · Cited by 110
Neural Responses to Happy Facial Expressions in Major Depression Following Antidepressant Treatment
Fu, C. H. Y. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.164.4.599 · Cited by 78
Ingram, R. E. (1984) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01173312 · Cited by 62
Ridout, N., O’Carroll, R. E., Dritschel, B., Christmas, D. M., Eljamel, S., & Matthews, K. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.12.022 · Cited by 46
Fisher-Beckfield, D., & McFall, R. M. (1982) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.50.5.697 · Cited by 41
DETECTION OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONS OF EMOTIONS IN DEPRESSION
Suslow, T. (2001) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.92.3.857-868 · Cited by 36
Fisher-Beckfield, D., & McFall, R. M. (1982) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.50.5.697 · Cited by 33
Value priorities and subjective well-being: Direct relations and congruity effects
Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (2000) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0992(200003/04)30:2
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Gotlib IH Hammen CL Psychological aspects of depression: Toward a cognitive-interpersonal integration 1992 John Wiley & Sons Oxford, England
- Hammen C Depression 1997 Psychology Press Hove, England
- Niedenthal PM Halberstadt JB Margolin J Innes-Ker ÅH Emotional state and the detection of change in facial expression of emotion European Journal of Social Psychology 2000 30 211 222
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Treadway, M. T., Buckholtz, J. W., Schwartzman, A. N., Lambert, W. E., & Zald, D. H. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006598 · Cited by 769
Social functioning in major depressive disorder
Kupferberg, A., Bicks, L., & Hasler, G. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.002 · Cited by 663
Cognitive Mechanisms of Treatment in Depression
Roiser, J. P., Elliott, R., & Sahakian, B. J. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.183 · Cited by 535
Cognitive dysfunction in depression: Neurocircuitry and new therapeutic strategies
Murrough, J. W., Iacoviello, B., Neumeister, A., Charney, D. S., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2011) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2011.06.006 · Cited by 307
Threatening faces and social anxiety: A literature review
Staugaard, S. R. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.001 · Cited by 326
Metadata
- Authors
- Yoon, K. L., Joormann, J., & Gotlib, I. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Miami (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 223-228
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- PMC
- PMC2835523
- OpenAlex
- W2068121700
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 11.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH080683)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder, positive affect, interpersonal problems
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Judgment, Male, Middle Aged, Phobic Disorders, Visual Perception, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
