The DOI matches its Crossref record; 272 of the 275 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review.
Open accessAbstract
Perceived discrimination has been studied with regard to its impact on several types of health effects. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive account of the relationships between multiple forms of perceived discrimination and both mental and physical health outcomes. In addition, this meta-analysis examines potential mechanisms by which perceiving discrimination may affect health, including through psychological and physiological stress responses and health behaviors. Analysis of 134 samples suggests that when weighting each study's contribution by sample size, perceived discrimination has a significant negative effect on both mental and physical health. Perceived discrimination also produces significantly heightened stress responses and is related to participation in unhealthy and nonparticipation in healthy behaviors. These findings suggest potential pathways linking perceived discrimination to negative health outcomes.
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“When differential or unfair treatment is perceived as racially motivated, it triggers physiological (eg, cardiovascular reactivity, dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity), cognitive-affective (eg, rumination, emotion suppression), and behavioral (eg, avoidance, aggression) responses that prepare the individual to confront the situation [6-8].”
From App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Moderation by age, sex, education level and birthplace of study participants has been found in previous individual studies (e.g., [42, 414]) but has been inconclusive in previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses [e.g., [13]).”
From Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
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“This contrasts with the findings reported by Pascoe and Richman [13], where the association between perceived discrimination and physical health compared to mental health did not differ significantly.”
From Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2015) · cites this paper as Pascoe and Richman [13]
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“Despite extensive evidence showing the negative mental health effects of race-related stress in POC [6-11,14-17] and the promise of mindfulness meditation to help these individuals cope [20-24,26,30-32,79], this evidence-based treatment continues to be understudied among this high-risk population in both traditional [30,35,36] and digital formats [46-48].”
From App-Based Mindfulness Meditation for People of Color Who Experience Race-Related Stress: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
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Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 275 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Campbell RER The effect of sexist discrimination on women’s health (Doctoral dissertation, Loma Linda University, 2000) Dissertation Abstracts International 2000 61 4B 2192
- Huebner DM Mental and physical health consequences of perceived discrimination (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, 2002) Dissertation Abstracts International 2002 63 2B 1030
- Rodriguez MS Effects of perceived discrimination on mental health: Exploring intervening relationships (Doctoral dissertation, Kent State University, 2004) Dissertation Abstracts International 2004 65 9A 3589
- Williams DR Spencer MS Jackson JS Contrada RJ Ashmore RD Race, stress, and physical health: The role of group identity Self, social identity, and physical health: Interdisciplinary explorations 1999 New York Oxford University Press 71 100
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Paradies, Y., Ben, J., Denson, N., Elias, A., Priest, N., Pieterse, A., Gupta, A., Kelaher, M., & Gee, G. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138511 · Cited by 2,610
“More recently, two large-scale meta-analyses focused on the relationship between discrimination more generally, and mental health [13, 23] and physical health [13].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRacism and health: evidence and needed research
Williams, D. R., Lawrence, J. A., & Davis, B. A. (2019) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043750 · Cited by 2,398
The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: A meta-analytic review.
Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Postmes, T., & Garcia, A. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0035754 · Cited by 1,804
Impact of weight bias and stigma on quality of care and outcomes for patients with obesity
Phelan, S. M., Burgess, D. J., Yeazel, M. W., Hellerstedt, W. L., Griffin, J. M., & van Ryn, M. (2015) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12266 · Cited by 1,361
Is Racism a Fundamental Cause of Inequalities in Health?
Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. (2015) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112305 · Cited by 1,363
Metadata
- Authors
- Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- ORCID
- Pascoe, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 531-554
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- PMC
- PMC2747726
- OpenAlex
- W2120100418
- Semantic Scholar
- 886863c7ce89acfe9551d8fca9699381297cef52
- Cited by
- 4,427
- References
- 275
- Citations by year
- 2026: 244 · 2025: 327 · 2024: 352 · 2023: 347 · 2022: 373 · 2021: 398 · 2020: 347 · 2019: 326 · 2018: 303 · 2017: 291 · 2016: 279 · 2015: 239 · 2014: 183 · 2013: 165 · 2012: 129
- FWCI
- 268.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
- DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH074942, 1 K01-MH074942-02)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Keywords
- perceived discrimination, health outcomes, mental health, physical health, stress response, physiological stress, psychological stress, health behavior, harmful habits
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Anxiety, Arousal, Depression, Humans, Models, Psychological, Prejudice, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Risk Factors, Social Perception, Health Behavior
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