Cited by 4,427Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchHealth disparities and outcomesSocial and Intergroup Psychology

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Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review.

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Pascoe, Elizabeth A., Smart Richman, Laura·2009·Psychological Bulletin

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Abstract

Perceived discrimination has been studied with regard to its impact on several types of health effects. This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive account of the relationships between multiple forms of perceived discrimination and both mental and physical health outcomes. In addition, this meta-analysis examines potential mechanisms by which perceiving discrimination may affect health, including through psychological and physiological stress responses and health behaviors. Analysis of 134 samples suggests that when weighting each study's contribution by sample size, perceived discrimination has a significant negative effect on both mental and physical health. Perceived discrimination also produces significantly heightened stress responses and is related to participation in unhealthy and nonparticipation in healthy behaviors. These findings suggest potential pathways linking perceived discrimination to negative health outcomes.

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Campbell RER The effect of sexist discrimination on women’s health (Doctoral dissertation, Loma Linda University, 2000) Dissertation Abstracts International 2000 61 4B 2192
Huebner DM Mental and physical health consequences of perceived discrimination (Doctoral dissertation, Arizona State University, 2002) Dissertation Abstracts International 2002 63 2B 1030
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Williams DR Spencer MS Jackson JS Contrada RJ Ashmore RD Race, stress, and physical health: The role of group identity Self, social identity, and physical health: Interdisciplinary explorations 1999 New York Oxford University Press 71 100

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Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Paradies, Y., Ben, J., Denson, N., Elias, A., Priest, N., Pieterse, A., Gupta, A., Kelaher, M., & Gee, G. (2015) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138511 · Cited by 2,610
“More recently, two large-scale meta-analyses focused on the relationship between discrimination more generally, and mental health [13, 23] and physical health [13].”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Racism and health: evidence and needed research
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Is Racism a Fundamental Cause of Inequalities in Health?
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See all 4,427

Authors: Pascoe, E. A., & Smart Richman, L.
Affiliations: Duke University (US)
ORCID: Pascoe, Elizabeth A.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2009
Volume: 135
Issue: 4
Pages: 531-554
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/a0016059
PMC: PMC2747726
OpenAlex: W2120100418
Semantic Scholar: 886863c7ce89acfe9551d8fca9699381297cef52
Cited by: 4,427
References: 275
Citations by year: 2026: 244 · 2025: 327 · 2024: 352 · 2023: 347 · 2022: 373 · 2021: 398 · 2020: 347 · 2019: 326 · 2018: 303 · 2017: 291 · 2016: 279 · 2015: 239 · 2014: 183 · 2013: 165 · 2012: 129
FWCI: 268.43
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH074942, 1 K01-MH074942-02)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords: perceived discrimination, health outcomes, mental health, physical health, stress response, physiological stress, psychological stress, health behavior, harmful habits
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Anxiety, Arousal, Depression, Humans, Models, Psychological, Prejudice, Psychophysiologic Disorders, Risk Factors, Social Perception, Health Behavior

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Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review.

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