Effectiveness of a marijuana expectancy manipulation: Piloting the balanced-placebo design for marijuana
Open accessAbstract
Although alcohol and nicotine administration studies have demonstrated that manipulating subjects' expectancies regarding drug content affects drug response, research with marijuana has not adequately studied drug expectancy effects. The present pilot study was the first to evaluate the credibility and effect of expectancy manipulation on subjective measures and smoking patterns using a marijuana administration balanced-placebo design (BPD). In a 2 x 2 instructional set (told delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] vs. told no THC) by drug (smoked marijuana with 2.8% THC vs. placebo) between-subjects design, the authors examined the effect of marijuana expectancy manipulation and the pharmacologic effect on affective and physiologic measures, cigarette ratings, and smoking behavior with 20 marijuana smokers (mean age = 20 years; 25% female). Large main effects of expectancy were found on ratings of cigarette potency, strength, taste, smell, and satisfaction, and observed smoking behavior. Pharmacologic effects were particularly evident for self-reported physical reactions to marijuana and cigarette potency and satisfaction ratings. This study demonstrated the feasibility of the BPD research with marijuana and yielded promising results for future studies examining the independent and combined effects of marijuana pharmacology and expectancies.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Findings of balanced placebo designs that included other interventions and drug effects have been mixed regarding whether effects were additive or interactive.
“Still, findings of balanced placebo designs that included other interventions and drug effects have been mixed regarding whether effects were additive or interactive (Boussageon et al., 2022; Metrik et al., 2009).”
From Mindfulness Effects on Anxiety: Disentangling the Role of Decentering and Treatment Expectations (2024) · cites this paper as Metrik et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,406 · see citing works
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,385 · see citing works
Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences
Stevens, J. P. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203843130 · Cited by 10,652 · see citing works
Measuring emotion: The self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential
Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1994) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9 · Cited by 9,538 · see citing works
Sobell, L. C., & Sobell, M. B. (1992) · Measuring Alcohol Consumption · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0357-5_3 · Cited by 4,110 · see citing works
The emotion probe: Studies of motivation and attention.
Lang, P. J. (1995) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.50.5.372 · Cited by 2,752 · see citing works
(2002) · Cited by 2,645 · see citing works
Response expectancy as a determinant of experience and behavior.
Kirsch, I. (1985) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.40.11.1189 · Cited by 974 · see citing works
Martin, W. R., Sloan, J. W., SAPIRA, J. D., & Jasinski, D. R. (1971) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1002/cpt1971122part1245 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Placebo Effect
Benedetti, F., Mayberg, H., Wager, T., Stohler, C., & Zubieta, J. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3458-05.2005 · Cited by 771 · see citing works
. Caution regarding the use of pilot studies to guide power calculations for study proposals.
Kraemer, H. C., Mintz, J., Noda, A., Tinklenberg, J., & Yesavage, J. A. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.484 · Cited by 702 · see citing works
How expectancies shape experience.
(1999) · doi:10.1037/10332-000 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Social and behavioral consequences of alcohol consumption and expectancy: A meta-analysis.
Hull, J. G., & Bond, C. F. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.3.347 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Expectancy challenge and drinking reduction: experimental evidence for a mediational process.
Darkes, J., & Goldman, M. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.2.344 · Cited by 490 · see citing works
The time course and significance of cannabis withdrawal.
Budney, A. J., Moore, B. A., Vandrey, R. G., & Hughes, J. R. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.112.3.393 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Measuring Alcohol Consumption: Psychosocial and Biochemical Methods
Litten, R. Z., & Allen, J. P. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Effects of THC on Behavioral Measures of Impulsivity in Humans
McDonald, J. M., Schleifer, L., Richards, J. B., & de Wit, H. (2003) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300176 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Marijuana withdrawal among adults seeking treatment for marijuana dependence.
Budney, A. J., Novy, P. L., & Hughes, J. R. (1999) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.94913114.x · Cited by 348 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The Marijuana Withdrawal Checklist (Budney, Moore, Vandrey, & Hughes, 2003; Budney, Novy, & Hughes, 1999) has 15 items ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (severe) with 10 symptoms making up a withdrawal discomfort score (Budney et al., 1999).”
BackgroundThe balanced placebo design: Methodological considerations
Rohsenow, D. J., & Marlatt, G. A. (1981) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(81)90003-4 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Self-citationVolkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Ma, Y., Fowler, J. S., Zhu, W., Maynard, L., Telang, F., Vaska, P., Ding, Y.-S., Wong, C., et al. (2003) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-36-11461.2003 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Adverse effects of cannabis on health: an update of the literature since 1996
Kalant, H. (2004) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.05.027 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Marijuana and cocaine effect expectancies and drug use patterns.
Schafer, J., & Brown, S. A. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.4.558 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Marijuana and cocaine effect expectancies and drug use patterns.
Schafer, J., & Brown, S. A. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.59.4.558 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Validity of self-reports in applied research on addictive behaviors: Fact or fiction?
Babor, T. F., Brown, J. H., & Boca, F. K. D. (1990) · Behavioral Assessment · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Comparison of the subjective effects of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol and marijuana in humans
Wachtel, S. R., ElSohly, M. A., Ross, S. A., AMBRE, J. J., & de Wit, H. (2002) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1033-2 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
The association of sexual risk behaviors and problem drug behaviors in high school students
Shrier, L. A., Emans, S. J., Woods, E. R., & DuRant, R. H. (1997) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(96)00180-2 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Dennis, M. L., Funk, R., Godley, S. H., Godley, M. D., & Waldron, H. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00859.x · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Effects of alcohol intoxication on the perceived consequences of risk taking.
Fromme, K., Katz, E. C., & D’Amico, E. J. (1997) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.5.1.14 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Understanding Alcohol Expectancy Effects: Revisiting the Placebo Condition
Testa, M., Fillmore, M. T., Norris, J., Abbey, A., Curtin, J. J., Leonard, K. E., Mariano, K. A., Thomas, M. C., Nomensen, K. J., George, W. H., et al. (2006) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00039.x · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Cooper, Z. D., & Haney, M. (2009) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.01.023 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Self-citationDronabinol and Marijuana in HIV-Positive Marijuana Smokers: Caloric Intake, Mood, and Sleep
Haney, M., Gunderson, E. W., Rabkin, J., Hart, C. L., Vosburg, S. K., Comer, S. D., & Foltin, R. W. (2007) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e31811ed205 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin, C. S., & Sayette, M. A. (1993) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1993.54.750 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
The Marijuana Treatment Project: rationale, design and participant characteristics
Stephens, R. S., Babor, T. F., Kadden, R., Miller, M., & The Marijuana Treatment Project Research Group (2002) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.97.s01.6.x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Acute Marijuana Effects on Human Risk Taking
Lane, S. D., Cherek, D. R., Tcheremissine, O. V., Lieving, L. M., & Pietras, C. J. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300620 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Psychopharmacological interactions between nicotine and ethanol
Rose, J. E., Brauer, L. H., Behm, F. M., Cramblett, M., Calkins, K., & Lawhon, D. (2004) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200310001656957 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Bonn‐Miller, M. O., Vujanovic, A. A., Feldner, M. T., Bernstein, A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2007) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20243 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Juliano, L. M., & Brandon, T. H. (2002) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.111.1.88 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Dunn, M. E., Lau, H., & Cruz, I. (2000) · Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037//1064-1297.8.4.566 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
The effects of alcohol on cigarette craving in heavy smokers and tobacco chippers.
Sayette, M. A., Martin, C. S., Wertz, J. M., Perrott, M. A., & Peters, A. (2005) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.19.3.263 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Effects of alcohol and expectancies on verbal aggression in men and women.
Rohsenow, D. J., & Bachorowski, J. (1984) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.93.4.418 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationDriving after use of alcohol and marijuana in college students.
McCarthy, D. M., Lynch, A. M., & Pedersen, S. L. (2007) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.21.3.425 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Marijuana smoking: effect of varying delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol content and number of puffs.
Azorlosa, J. L., Heishman, S. J., Stitzer, M. L., & Mahaffey, J. M. (1992) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)10949-x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Role of Cannabis in Motor Vehicle Crashes
Bates, M., & Blakely, T. A. (1999) · Epidemiologic Reviews · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017998 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
‘Hangover’ effects the morning after marijuana smoking
Chait, L. D., Fischman, M. W., & Schuster, C. R. (1985) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(85)90002-x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Testing the causal role of expectancies in smoking motivation and behavior
Copeland, A. L., & Brandon, T. H. (2000) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(99)00003-9 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Effects of Alcohol Cues on Smoking Urges and Topography among Alcoholic Men
Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M., Colby, S. M., Gulliver, S. B., Sirota, A. D., NIAURA, R. S., & Abrams, D. B. (1997) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03735.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Expectancies on Subjective Responses to Oral Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
Kirk, J. (1998) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)00414-0 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Marijuana and cocaine interactions in humans: Cardiovascular consequences
Foltin, R. W., Fischman, M. W., Pedroso, J. J., & Pearlson, G. D. (1987) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(87)90506-5 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Hooker, W. D., & Jones, R. T. (1987) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00690920 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Electroencephalographic correlates of marihuana-induced euphoria
Lukas, S. E., Mendelson, J. H., & Benedikt, R. A. (1995) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(94)01067-u · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Psychosocial conventionality, health orientation, and contraceptive use in adolescence
Costa, F. M., Jessor, R., Fortenberry, J. D., & Donovan, J. E. (1996) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/1054-139x(95)00192-u · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Kelemen, W. L., & Farnaz Kaighobadi, A. (2007) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.15.1.93 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
THE INFLUENCE OF CANNABIS ON DRIVING
Sexton, B. F., Tunbridge, R. J., Brook-Carter, N., Jackson, P. G., Wright, K. A., Stark, M. M., & Englehart, K. (2000) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fernandez, M. I., Collazo, J. B., Hernández, N., Bowen, G. S., Varga, L. M., Vila, C. K., Arheart, K. L., & Perrino, T. (2004) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1023/b:aibe.0000030247.00140.62 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
An evaluation of the balanced placebo design in alcohol administration research
Sayette, M. A., Breslin, F. C., Wilson, G. T., & Rosenblum, G. D. (1994) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(94)90034-5 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Tetrahydrocannabinol content and differences in marijuana smoking behavior
Herning, R. I., Hooker, W. D., & Jones, R. T. (1986) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00181232 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Marijuana's Effects on Human Cognitive Functions, Psychomotor Functions, and Personality
Murray, J. B. (1986) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1986.9710540 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Perkins, K. A., Jacobs, L., Ciccocioppo, M., Conklin, C. A., Sayette, M. A., & Caggiula, A. R. (2004) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.12.2.91 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Expectancy and behavioral effects of socially used drugs.
Vogel-Sprott, M. D., & Fillmore, M. T. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10332-009 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effect of subject expectancy on the THC intoxication and disposition from smoked hashish cigarettes
Camı́, J., Guerra, D., Ugena, B., Segura, J., & de la Torre, R. (1991) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(91)90330-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Some physical characteristics of NIDA marijuana cigarettes
Chait, L. D., & Pierri, J. N. (1989) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(89)90017-8 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Factors influencing self-administration of, and subjective response to, placebo marijuana
Chait, L. D., & Perry, J. L. (1992) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/00008877-199212000-00002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Alioto JT 1974 The effects of the expectancy of receiving either marijuana or alcohol on subsequent aggression in provoked high and low users of these drugs Unpublished doctoral dissertation University of Wisconsin
- Marlatt GA Rohsenow DJ Mello NK 1980 Cognitive processes in alcohol use: Expectancy and the balanced placebo design Advances in substance abuse: Behavioral and biological research 159 199 Greenwich, CT JAI Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bingel, U., Wanigasekera, V., Wiech, K., Ni Mhuircheartaigh, R., Lee, M. C., Ploner, M., & Tracey, I. (2011) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3001244 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Prediction of Psilocybin Response in Healthy Volunteers
Studerus, E., Gamma, A., Kometer, M., & Vollenweider, F. X. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030800 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Schedlowski, M., Enck, P., Rief, W., & Bingel, U. (2015) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.114.009423 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Self-reported cannabis use characteristics, patterns and helpfulness among medical cannabis users
Bonn-Miller, M. O., Boden, M. T., Bucossi, M. M., & Babson, K. A. (2014) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952990.2013.821477 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Role of expectations in health
Colloca, L., & Miller, F. G. (2011) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0b013e328343803b · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Further validation of a marijuana purchase task
Aston, E. R., Metrik, J., & MacKillop, J. M. (2015) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.04.025 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Self-citationMetrik, J., Kahler, C. W., Reynolds, B. A., McGeary, J. E., Monti, P. M., Haney, M., de Wit, H., & Rohsenow, D. J. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2740-y · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationStrickland, J. C., Lile, J. A., & Stoops, W. W. (2017) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2017.03.017 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Placebo 2.0: the impact of expectations on analgesic treatment outcome
Bingel, U. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001981 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Bidwell, L. C., Ellingson, J. M., Karoly, H. C., YorkWilliams, S. L., Hitchcock, L. N., Tracy, B. L., Klawitter, J., Sempio, C., Bryan, A. D., & Hutchison, K. E. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0927 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Compromised External Validity: Federally Produced Cannabis Does Not Reflect Legal Markets
Vergara, D., Bidwell, L. C., Gaudino, R., Torres, A., Du, G., Ruthenburg, T. C., deCesare, K., Land, D. P., Hutchison, K. E., & Kane, N. C. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep46528 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Cue-elicited increases in incentive salience for marijuana: Craving, demand, and attentional bias
Metrik, J., Aston, E. R., Kahler, C. W., Rohsenow, D. J., McGeary, J. E., Knopik, V. S., & MacKillop, J. M. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.027 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationHendershot, C. S., Magnan, R. E., & Bryan, A. D. (2010) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0019844 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Latent factor structure of a behavioral economic marijuana demand curve
Aston, E. R., Farris, S. G., MacKillop, J. M., & Metrik, J. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4633-6 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationAcute effects of cannabinoids on symptoms of obsessive‐compulsive disorder: A human laboratory study
Kayser, R. R., Haney, M., Raskin, M., Arout, C. A., & Simpson, H. B. (2020) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23032 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationCANUE: A Theoretical Model of Pain as an Antecedent for Substance Use
Ferguson, E. G., Zale, E. L., Ditre, J. W., Wesolowicz, D. M., Stennett, B., Robinson, M., & Boissoneault, J. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa072 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Aston, E. R., Metrik, J., Amlung, M. T., Kahler, C. W., & MacKillop, J. M. (2016) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.10.014 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Self-citationAcute Effects of Marijuana Smoking on Negative and Positive Affect
Metrik, J., Kahler, C. W., McGeary, J. E., Monti, P. M., & Rohsenow, D. J. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.25.1.31 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationNovel study designs to investigate the placebo response
Enck, P., Klosterhalfen, S., & Zipfel, S. (2011) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-11-90 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Smoking Abstinence Questionnaire: measurement of smokers' abstinence‐related expectancies
Hendricks, P. S., Wood, S. B., Baker, M. R., Delucchi, K., & Hall, S. M. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03338.x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Vlachou, S., & Panagis, G. (2014) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/13816128113199990433 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Shih, R. A., Rodriguez, A., Parast, L. M., Pedersen, E. R., Tucker, J. S., Troxel, W., Kraus, L. S., Davis, J. P., & D’Amico, E. J. (2019) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14711 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
D’Amico, E. J., Rodriguez, A., Tucker, J. S., Dunbar, M. S., Pedersen, E. R., Shih, R. A., Davis, J. P., & Seelam, R. (2020) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-020-01086-7 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Sexual Risk Behavior and Heavy Drinking Among Weekly Marijuana Users
Metrik, J., Caswell, A. J., Magill, M., Monti, P. M., & Kahler, C. W. (2016) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2016.77.104 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationMarijuana, Expectancies, and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms: A Preliminary Investigation
Earleywine, M., & Bolles, J. R. (2014) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2014.920118 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on evaluation of emotional images
Ballard, M. E., Bedi, G., & de Wit, H. (2012) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881112446530 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Marijuana’s dose-dependent effects in daily marijuana smokers.
Ramesh, D., Haney, M., & Cooper, Z. D. (2013) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0033661 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationCannabis Expectancies for Sleep
Altman, B. R., Mian, M. N., Slavin, M. N., & Earleywine, M. (2019) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1643053 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Juliano, L. M., Fucito, L. M., & Harrell, P. T. (2011) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0022937 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Marijuana as a Substitute for Prescription Medications: A Qualitative Study
Mercurio, A. N., Aston, E. R., Claborn, K., Waye, K. M., & Rosen, R. K. (2019) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2019.1618336 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Bidwell, L. C., Mueller, R. L., YorkWilliams, S. L., Hagerty, S. L., Bryan, A. D., & Hutchison, K. E. (2018) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2017.0038 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Pedersen, E. R., Miles, J. N. V., Osilla, K. C., Ewing, B. A., Hunter, S. B., & D’Amico, E. J. (2014) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/0022042614559843 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Vaporization of Marijuana Among Recreational Users: A Qualitative Study
Aston, E. R., Farris, S. G., Metrik, J., & Rosen, R. K. (2019) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2019.80.56 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationRefining the marijuana purchase task: Using qualitative methods to inform measure development.
Aston, E. R., Metrik, J., Rosen, R. K., Swift, R. M., & MacKillop, J. M. (2020) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000355 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Cue Reactivity Paradigm in Addiction Research
Reynolds, E. K., & Monti, P. M. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118384404.ch14 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationDysregulation as a correlate of cannabis use and problem use
Lopez-Vergara, H. I., Jackson, K. M., Meshesha, L. Z., & Metrik, J. (2019) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.03.010 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationTraditional and Innovative Experimental and Clinical Trial Designs and Their Advantages and Pitfalls
Weimer, K., & Enck, P. (2014) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44519-8_14 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Marijuana’s acute effects on cognitive bias for affective and marijuana cues.
Metrik, J., Aston, E. R., Kahler, C. W., Rohsenow, D. J., McGeary, J. E., & Knopik, V. S. (2015) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000030 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroimaging as a tool to investigate how cognitive factors influence analgesic drug outcomes
Bingel, U., Tracey, I., & Wiech, K. (2012) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.04.043 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Relapse prevention: From radical idea to common practice
Donovan, D. M., & Witkiewitz, K. A. (2012) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2011.647133 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Rup, J., Freeman, T. P., Perlman, C. M., & Hammond, D. G. (2022) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2022.2034872 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Balanced placebo design: Revolutionary impact on addictions research and theory
George, W. H., Gilmore, A. K., & Stappenbeck, C. A. (2012) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2012.680216 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Cannabis and symptoms of PMS and PMDD
Slavin, M. N., Barach, E., Farmer, S. L., Luba, R. R., & Earleywine, M. (2017) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2017.1294165 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Role of placebo effects in pain and neuropsychiatric disorders
Belcher, A. M., Ferré, S., Martinez, P. E., & Colloca, L. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.003 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Waddell, J. T., Corbin, W. R., Meier, M. H., Morean, M. E., & Metrik, J. (2020) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000881 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationA qualitative analysis of cannabis vaporization among medical users.
Aston, E. R., Scott, B., & Farris, S. G. (2019) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000279 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Belcher, A. M., Cole, T. O., Greenblatt, A. D., Hoag, S. W., Epstein, D. H., Wagner, M. A., Billing, A. S., Massey, E. C., Hamilton, K. R., Kozak, Z., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026604 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Therapeutic Effectiveness of Full Spectrum Hemp Oil Using a Chronic Neuropathic Pain Model
Vigil, J. M., Montera, M. A., Pentkowski, N. S., Diviant, J. P., Orozco, J., Ortiz, A. L., Rael, L. J., & Westlund, K. N. (2020) · Life · doi:10.3390/life10050069 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Understanding the Role of Substance Expectancies in Addiction
Metrik, J., & Rohsenow, D. J. (2013) · doi:10.1002/9781118384404.ch17 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationLo, L. A., Christiansen, A. L., Strickland, J. C., Pistawka, C. A., Eadie, L., Vandrey, R. G., & MacCallum, C. A. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01847-w · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Cannabis and Vulvodynia Symptoms: A Preliminary Report
Barach, E., Slavin, M. N., & Earleywine, M. (2020) · Cannabis · doi:10.26828/cannabis.2020.02.001 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Bolles, J. R., Earleywine, M., & Gordis, E. B. (2014) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2014.892929 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Expectancy mediated effects of marijuana on menopause symptoms
Slavin, M. N., Farmer, S. L., & Earleywine, M. (2016) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2016.1139701 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Weiss, J. H., Tervo‐Clemmens, B., Potter, K. W., Evins, A. E., & Gilman, J. M. (2023) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0001244 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Human behavioral pharmacology of psychedelics
Strickland, J. C., & Johnson, M. W. (2022) · Advances in pharmacology · doi:10.1016/bs.apha.2021.10.003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Morean, M. E., Davis, D. R., Bold, K. W., Kong, G., Jackson, A. B., Lee, J., Rajeshkumar, L., & Krishnan‐Sarin, S. (2021) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1093/ntr/ntab237 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Berey, B. L., Aston, E. R., Gebru, N. M., & Merrill, J. E. (2022) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000542 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Expectancy of impairment attenuates marijuana-induced risk taking
Gunn, R. L., Skalski, L. M., & Metrik, J. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.027 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationMetrik, J., Aston, E. R., Gunn, R. L., Swift, R. M., MacKillop, J., & Kahler, C. W. (2025) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20250115 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationCronce, J. M., Bittinger, J. N., DiLodovico, C., & Liu, J. (2016) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.10.021 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Development and initial validation of a marijuana cessation expectancies questionnaire
Metrik, J., Farris, S. G., Aston, E. R., & Kahler, C. W. (2017) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.005 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationWhy Use Cannabis? Examining Motives for Cannabis Use in Individuals with Anxiety Disorders
Ouellette, M. J., Rowa, K., Cameron, D. H., Elcock, A., Soreni, N., Pawluk, E. J., & McCabe, R. E. (2022) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2022.21 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Skalski, L. M., Gunn, R. L., Caswell, A. J., Maisto, S. A., & Metrik, J. (2017) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000138 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationSsekamatte, T., Kibira, S. P. S., Tetui, M., Isunju, J. B., Mugambe, R. K., Wafula, S. T., Buregyeya, E., Nalwadda, C. K., Bukenya, J. N., & Wanyenze, R. K. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11536-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Stuhlreyer, J., Schwartz, M., Friedheim, T., Zöllner, C., & Klinger, R. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059044 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Reduction in caffeine withdrawal after open-label decaffeinated coffee
Mills, L., Lee, J. C., Boakes, R. A., & Colagiuri, B. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811221147152 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Differentiating Medicinal and Recreational Cannabis Users via Cannabis Use Motives
Vedelago, L., Metrik, J., & Amlung, M. T. (2020) · Cannabis · doi:10.26828/cannabis.2020.01.006 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationTolerability, assessment, and prediction of psilocybin-induced altered states of consciousness
Studerus, E. (2012) · University of Zurich · doi:10.5167/uzh-164092 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Enck, P., Weimer, K., & Klosterhalfen, S. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397928-5.00016-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Strickland, J. C., Gelino, B. W., Naudé, G. P., Harbaugh, J. C., Schlitzer, R. D., Mercincavage, M., Strasser, A. A., & Johnson, M. W. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111042 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gunn, R. L., Metrik, J., Barnett, N. P., Jackson, K. M., Lipperman‐Kreda, S., Miranda, R., Trull, T. J., & Fernandez, M. E. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/58685 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationAyyagari, M. M., Heim, D., Sumnall, H. R., & Monk, R. L. (2024) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105822 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
UK Medical Cannabis Registry: A clinical outcomes analysis for insomnia
Aggarwal, A., Erridge, S., Cowley, I., Evans, L., Varadpande, M., Clarke, E., McLachlan, K., Coomber, R., Rucker, J., Weatherall, M. W., et al. (2025) · PLOS mental health. · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000390 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Cannabis Use in Patients Seeking Therapy for Anxiety and Related Disorders: A Descriptive Study
Ouellette, M. J., Puccinelli, C., Rowa, K., Elcock, A., & McCabe, R. E. (2019) · The Canadian Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1097/cxa.0000000000000060 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mindfulness Effects on Anxiety: Disentangling the Role of Decentering and Treatment Expectations
Bos, D. P. A., Keesman, M., Roggeveen, A., Vase, L., Evers, A. W. M., & Peerdeman, K. J. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.03.004 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kilmer, J. R., Palmer, R. S., Cronce, J. M., & Logan, D. E. (2012) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2011.651517 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Relevance of Placebo and Nocebo Mechanisms for Analgesic Treatments
Bingel, U. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397928-5.00013-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Novelty of Ayahuasca Scale and the prediction of intentions to use
Altman, B. R., Mian, M. N., & Earleywine, M. (2020) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2020.00117 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Thomas, S. A., Thompson, E. C., Maron, M. M., Meisel, S. N., Spirito, A., & Wolff, J. C. (2024) · JAACAP Open · doi:10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.03.003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Helseth, S. A., Guigayoma, J. P., Price, D., Spirito, A., Clark, M. A., Barnett, N. P., & Becker, S. J. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/35402 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Identifying cannabis risk profiles from expectancies and use behaviors: a person-centered approach
Livingston, N. R., Falco, C. A., Looby, A. R., & Stimulant Norms and Prevalence Study Team (SNAP) (2024) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2024.2316692 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Benz, M. B., Aston, E. R., Mercurio, A. N., & Metrik, J. (2021) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2021.1959966 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationKayser, R. R., Haney, M., & Simpson, H. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626150 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationPlaceboeffekte und ihre Implikationen in der Medizin
Bingel, U. (2014) · Uro-News · doi:10.1007/s00092-014-0033-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Parnes, J. E., Prince, M. A., & Conner, B. T. (2024) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911241240618 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Helseth, S. A., Piper, K. N., Dunne, C. J., Kemp, K. A., Barnett, N. P., Clark, M. A., Spirito, A., & Becker, S. J. (2025) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-025-01370-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Placeboeffekte und ihre Implikationen in der Medizin
Bingel, U. (2014) · HNO Nachrichten · doi:10.1007/s00060-014-0281-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Examining the Utility of Behavioral Economic Demand in Addiction Science
Strickland, J. C. (2019) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2019.030 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Shank, F., Korovich, M., Nicoletti, A., Angelone, D. J., & Jones, M. C. (2024) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-024-01342-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Placeboeffekte und ihre Implikationen in der Neurologie
Bingel, U. (2014) · InFo Neurologie + Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s15005-013-0310-4
Placebos in der Schmerztherapie
Bingel, U. (2014) · MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin · doi:10.1007/s15006-014-2812-5
Pedroso, R. S., Freitas, P. B., Secco, K., Gonçalves, P., Soares, G. H. M., Alves, L. N. T., Leite, L. L., Lucena‐Santos, P., da Rocha, M. R., Araújo, R. B., et al. (2012)
Placeboeekte und ihre Implikationen in der Medizin
Bingel, U. (2014)
Pan, J. (2016) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Bingel, U. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805408-6.00039-7
Mindfulness Effects on Anxiety: Disentangling the Role of Decentering and Treatment ExpectationsPreprint
Bos, D. P. A., Keesman, M., Roggeveen, A., Vase, L., Evers, A. W. M., & Peerdeman, K. J. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/z6jvq
Substance Use and Substance Use Disorders
Sher, K. J., Conlin, W. E., & Pihl, R. O. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med-psych/9780197542521.003.0013
Aston, E. R., Benz, M. B., Souza, R., Berey, B. L., & Metrik, J. (2025) · Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior · doi:10.1002/jeab.70001
Self-citationAssessing novel expectancies about ayahuasca : a preliminary report
Altman, B. R. (2019) · doi:10.54014/57py-y18d
- Authors
- Metrik, J., Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M., McGeary, J., Cook, T. A. R., de Wit, H., Haney, M., & Kahler, C. W.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 217-225
- ISSN
- 1064-1297 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-2293
- PMC
- PMC2810847
- OpenAlex
- W2054068506
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Brown University
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA021403)
- US Department of Veterans Affairs
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Keywords
- cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, smoking behavior, smoking satisfaction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Attitude, Female, Humans, Male, Marijuana Smoking, Pilot Projects, Placebos, Dronabinol
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
