Self-reported cannabis use characteristics, patterns and helpfulness among medical cannabis users
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Little research has investigated the demographic and symptom profile of medical cannabis users in states in the USA that have legalized cannabis use. METHODS: In the present cross-sectional study, we investigated the demographic profile of 217 adults currently receiving medical cannabis, as well as differences in problematic use and perceived helpfulness in terms of (i) symptoms of psychological disorders and pain, and (ii) motives for use. RESULTS: Findings indicated that medical cannabis users (i) use and perceive cannabis to be beneficial for multiple conditions, some for which cannabis is not specifically prescribed or allowed at the state level; and (ii) report similar rates of disordered use as compared with population estimates among regular users. Furthermore, problematic cannabis use was predicted by several symptoms of psychological disorders (e.g. depression) and a variety of use motives (e.g. coping), while cannabis was reported as particularly helpful among those with several psychological symptoms (e.g. traumatic intrusions), as well as those reporting use for social anxiety reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Results are discussed in terms of future directions for research given the current debates regarding legalization of cannabis for medical purposes and, more generally, the lack of empirical data to inform such debates.
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In the five studies on nausea in chronic pain, each involved whole plant cannabis in inhaled or oral formats, and patients reported moderate relief.
“Each study involved whole plant cannabis in inhaled or oral formats, with patients reporting moderate relief.”
From Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cannabis and Cannabinoid-Based Medicines in the Management of Chronic Pain and Co-Occurring Conditions (2024) · cites this paper as [79]
One study evaluating cannabis in patients with PTSD as the primary condition rated the mean helpfulness of CBM in the moderately helpful range.
“One study evaluating cannabis in patients with PTSD as the primary condition rated the mean helpfulness of CBM in the moderately helpful range79”
From Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cannabis and Cannabinoid-Based Medicines in the Management of Chronic Pain and Co-Occurring Conditions (2024) · cites this paper as [79]
Three cross-sectional studies also report antidepressant effects of CBM.
“Three cross-sectional studies also report antidepressant effects of CBM.82,97,98”
From Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cannabis and Cannabinoid-Based Medicines in the Management of Chronic Pain and Co-Occurring Conditions (2024) · cites this paper as [98]
Two studies included analysis of cannabis as a treatment for PTSD symptoms.
“Two studies included analysis of cannabis as a treatment for PTSD symptoms.70,79”
From Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cannabis and Cannabinoid-Based Medicines in the Management of Chronic Pain and Co-Occurring Conditions (2024) · cites this paper as [79]
Seven studies assessed CBM use on appetite in participants experiencing chronic pain, including two RCTs, two cross-sectional studies, two case series, and one pre-post study.
“Seven studies assessed CBM use on appetite in participants experiencing chronic pain, including two RCTs,59,63 two cross-sectional studies,79,88 two case series,91,92 and one pre-post study.70”
From Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cannabis and Cannabinoid-Based Medicines in the Management of Chronic Pain and Co-Occurring Conditions (2024) · cites this paper as [79]
Among the larger sample (n=186), higher levels of traumatic intrusions were associated with higher perceived helpfulness of cannabis.
“Among the larger sample (n=186), higher levels of traumatic intrusions were associated with higher perceived helpfulness of cannabis.79”
From Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cannabis and Cannabinoid-Based Medicines in the Management of Chronic Pain and Co-Occurring Conditions (2024) · cites this paper as [79]
MDD comorbidity with substance use disorders remains a substantial public health and economic burden.
“With increasingly positive attitudes toward substance use [64][65][66] and increasing rates of adult SUDs and associated problems, 24,41,42,[67][68][69] MDD comorbidity with SUDs remains a substantial public health 24,70 and economic 16 burden.”
From Epidemiology of Adult <i>DSM-5</i> Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [70]
Dual-focused treatment is more effective when two disorders are present.
“However, dual-focused treatment is more effective when 2 disorders are present.70”
From Epidemiology of Adult <i>DSM-5</i> Major Depressive Disorder and Its Specifiers in the United States (2018) · cites this paper as [70]
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“60 Three cross-sectional studies also report antidepressant effects of CBM. 82,97,98 Studies involving the use of cannabis extracts are generally less positive regarding the benefits of CBM for treating depression in people with chronic pain.”
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- Authors
- Bonn-Miller, M. O., Boden, M. T., Bucossi, M. M., & Babson, K. A.
- Affiliations
- Center of Excellence for Substance Abuse Treatment and Education, Philadelphia VA Medical Center Philadelphia, PAUSA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-11-08
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 23-30
- ISSN
- 0095-2990 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-9891
- OpenAlex
- W2029383553
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 10.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- medical cannabis, cannabis use patterns, problematic cannabis use, psychological symptoms, pain, use motives, coping, depression, social anxiety, cannabis legalization
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Mental Disorders, California, Marijuana Abuse, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Male, Marijuana Smoking, Middle Aged, Motivation, Pain, Self Report, Medical Marijuana
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