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Effectiveness of a marijuana expectancy manipulation: Piloting the balanced-placebo design for marijuana
Open accessAbstract
Although alcohol and nicotine administration studies have demonstrated that manipulating subjects' expectancies regarding drug content affects drug response, research with marijuana has not adequately studied drug expectancy effects. The present pilot study was the first to evaluate the credibility and effect of expectancy manipulation on subjective measures and smoking patterns using a marijuana administration balanced-placebo design (BPD). In a 2 x 2 instructional set (told delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] vs. told no THC) by drug (smoked marijuana with 2.8% THC vs. placebo) between-subjects design, the authors examined the effect of marijuana expectancy manipulation and the pharmacologic effect on affective and physiologic measures, cigarette ratings, and smoking behavior with 20 marijuana smokers (mean age = 20 years; 25% female). Large main effects of expectancy were found on ratings of cigarette potency, strength, taste, smell, and satisfaction, and observed smoking behavior. Pharmacologic effects were particularly evident for self-reported physical reactions to marijuana and cigarette potency and satisfaction ratings. This study demonstrated the feasibility of the BPD research with marijuana and yielded promising results for future studies examining the independent and combined effects of marijuana pharmacology and expectancies.
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“Still, findings of balanced placebo designs that included other interventions and drug effects have been mixed regarding whether effects were additive or interactive (Boussageon et al., 2022; Metrik et al., 2009).”
From Mindfulness Effects on Anxiety: Disentangling the Role of Decentering and Treatment Expectations (2024) · cites this paper as Metrik et al., 2009
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Metadata
- Authors
- Metrik, J., Rohsenow, D. J., Monti, P. M., McGeary, J., Cook, T. A. R., de Wit, H., Haney, M., & Kahler, C. W.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 217-225
- ISSN
- 1064-1297 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-2293
- PMC
- PMC2810847
- OpenAlex
- W2054068506
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Brown University
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01 DA021403)
- US Department of Veterans Affairs
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Keywords
- cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, smoking behavior, smoking satisfaction
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affect, Attitude, Female, Humans, Male, Marijuana Smoking, Pilot Projects, Placebos, Dronabinol
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