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Toward a theory of motivational interviewing
Open accessAbstract
The widely disseminated clinical method of motivational interviewing (MI) arose through a convergence of science and practice. Beyond a large base of clinical trials, advances have been made toward "looking under the hood" of MI to understand the underlying mechanisms by which it affects behavior change. Such specification of outcome-relevant aspects of practice is vital to theory development and can inform both treatment delivery and clinical training. An emergent theory of MI is proposed that emphasizes two specific active components: a relational component focused on empathy and the interpersonal spirit of MI, and a technical component involving the differential evocation and reinforcement of client change talk. A resulting causal chain model links therapist training, therapist and client responses during treatment sessions, and posttreatment outcomes.
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In the citing paper
“It is superior to no treatment in decreasing sub stance use in the short term, but its long- term effects appear less robust 221 .”
From Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention (2023) · cites this paper as [221]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Regarding the education method, individual education is more effective than face-to-face or web and mobile phone education.375”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [375]
In the citing paper
“Adding exercise intervention combined with psychological support to diet recommendations is more effective than diet education alone.375”
From 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. (2023) · cites this paper as [375]
In the citing paper
“MI is a patient-centered method for enhancing intrinsic motivation to change and facilitating behavior change [110].”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [110]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, it has been utilized for many years to successfully address an incredible variety of health behaviors, including physical activity, diet, and medication adherence [110].”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [110]
In the citing paper
“First, it is a patient-centered approach, specifically focused on having patients generate reasons for change and assisting them in resolving ambivalence about changing their behavior.”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [110]
In the citing paper
“First, MI can be used with patients at any stage of change, from those who feel that they currently are not motivated to increase their activity to those who are highly motivated to increase activity but have failed on prior attempts [113].”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [113]
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, MI itself leads to decreased ambivalence, greater intention to change, and increased feelings of control (pathway C1) [113, 133–137], all of which are consistently associated with greater physical activity (pathway C2) [138–140].”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [113]
In the citing paper
“In addition, both MI (pathway D1) [113, 133, 141–145] and the previously described effects of PP on mood, well-being, and optimism (pathway E) [52, 95, 146] are associated with greater self-efficacy, confidence, and motivation, which are in turn linked to physical activity (pathway D2) [139, 147–151].”
From Positive Psychological Interventions for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Rationale, Theoretical Model, and Intervention Development (2015) · cites this paper as [113]
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Research works printed but not linked: 6
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AKINBOBOYE, B. O., Malomo, B. I., Gbiri, C. A., Ogunyemi, A. O., Arikawe, A. P., & Obashoro-John, O. A. (2025) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-025-06464-7 · Cited by 3
Johnston, C. A., & Moreno, J. P. (2013) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827613514695 · Cited by 3
Treatment of antagonism: Motivational Interviewing
Wrona, M. C., & Burke, B. L. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814627-9.00022-0 · Cited by 3
Hamza, D. M., Greenshaw, A. J., Hamza, S. M., & Silverstone, P. H. (2019) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2019.1686121 · Cited by 3
Simper, T. N., Agley, J. D., DeSalle, M., Todd, J., & Dutta, T. (2020) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-020-1956-5 · Cited by 3
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Metadata
- Authors
- Miller, W. R., & Rose, G. S.
- Affiliations
- University of New Mexico (US)
- William James College (US)
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 527-537
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- PMC
- PMC2759607
- OpenAlex
- W1985386799
- Cited by
- 1,603
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 90 · 2022: 114 · 2021: 108 · 2020: 139 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 95 · 2016: 113 · 2015: 118 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 117 · 2012: 112
- FWCI
- 88.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K05-AA00133)
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (049533)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (U10-DA01583)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Keywords
- motivational interviewing, theory development, behavior change, empathy, change talk, therapist training, interpersonal processes, clinical teaching
- MeSH terms
- Alcoholism, Counseling, Humans, Models, Psychological, Motivation, Substance-Related Disorders
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