The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 86 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Meta-analysis of free-response studies, 1992–2008: Assessing the noise reduction model in parapsychology.
Abstract
We report the results of meta-analyses on 3 types of free-response study: (a) ganzfeld (a technique that enhances a communication anomaly referred to as "psi"); (b) nonganzfeld noise reduction using alleged psi-enhancing techniques such as dream psi, meditation, relaxation, or hypnosis; and (c) standard free response (nonganzfeld, no noise reduction). For the period 1997-2008, a homogeneous data set of 29 ganzfeld studies yielded a mean effect size of 0.142 (Stouffer Z = 5.48, p = 2.13 x 10(-8)). A homogeneous nonganzfeld noise reduction data set of 16 studies yielded a mean effect size of 0.110 (Stouffer Z = 3.35, p = 2.08 x 10(-4)), and a homogeneous data set of 14 standard free-response studies produced a weak negative mean effect size of -0.029 (Stouffer Z = -2.29, p = .989). The mean effect size value of the ganzfeld database was significantly higher than the mean effect size of the standard free-response database but was not higher than the effect size of the nonganzfeld noise reduction database [corrected].We also found that selected participants (believers in the paranormal, meditators, etc.) had a performance advantage over unselected participants, but only if they were in the ganzfeld condition.
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“Storm et al. (2010) found no significant effect-size difference between the three modalities (telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition)”
From On the correspondence between dream content and target material under laboratory conditions: A meta-analysis of dream-ESP studies, 1966-2016 (2017) · cites this paper as Storm et al. (2010)
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“Our conclusion is that these dream-ESP studies were not conducted with the same due care as the Ganzfeld studies which were quality-rated by the same judges (Storm et al., 2010), for which”
From On the correspondence between dream content and target material under laboratory conditions: A meta-analysis of dream-ESP studies, 1966-2016 (2017) · cites this paper as Storm et al., 2010
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Metadata
- Authors
- Storm, L., Tressoldi, P. E., & Di Risio, L.
- Affiliations
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2010-07
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 471-485
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2138759936
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Religious Studies and Spiritual Practices
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Keywords
- parapsychology, ganzfeld, noise reduction, extrasensory perception, effect size, meditation, hypnosis, supernatural beliefs
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Dreams, Humans, Hypnosis, Models, Psychological, Parapsychology, Photic Stimulation, Relaxation, Research Design, Telepathy, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Reproducibility of Results, Meditation
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