Development and initial validation of the Internalization of Asian American Stereotypes Scale
Abstract
This research consists of four studies on the initial reliability and validity of the Internalization of Asian American Stereotypes Scale (IAASS), a self-report instrument that measures the degree Asian Americans have internalized racial stereotypes about their own group. The results from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses support a stable four-factor structure of the IAASS: Difficulties with English Language Communication, Pursuit of Prestigious Careers, Emotional Reservation, and Expected Academic Success. Evidence for concurrent and discriminant validity is presented. High internal-consistency and test-retest reliability estimates are reported. A discussion of how this scale can contribute to research and practice regarding internalized stereotyping among Asian Americans is provided.
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Low self-esteem is associated with social- or race-specific stereotypical misrepresentations of Asian Americans.
“Additionally, low self-esteem is associated with social- or race-specific stereotypical misrepresentations of Asian Americans [26,31].”
From Internalized Racism and Mental Health: The Moderating Role of Collective Racial Self-Esteem (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
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- Authors
- Shen, F. C., Wang, Y.-W., & Swanson, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois at Springfield (US)
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale (US)
- ORCID
- Shen, Frances C.
- Venue
- Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 283-294
- ISSN
- 1077-341X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0106
- 1099-9809
- OpenAlex
- W1999653576
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 23
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 7.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cultural Diversity & Ethnic Minority Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Asian Americans, racial stereotypes, scale development, career aspirations, academic expectations, reliability and validity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Asian, Discrimination, Psychological, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Concept, Social Desirability, Stereotyping, United States, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult
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