The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 43 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale (REMS): Construction, reliability, and validity.
Abstract
Racial microaggressions are subtle statements and behaviors that unconsciously communicate denigrating messages to people of color. In recent years, a theoretical taxonomy and subsequent qualitative studies have introduced the types of microaggressions that people of color experience. In the present study, college- and Internet-based samples of African Americans, Latina/os, Asian Americans, and multiracial participants (N = 661) were used to develop and validate the Racial and Ethnic Microaggression Scale (REMS). In Study 1, an exploratory principal-components analyses (n = 443) yielded a 6-factor model: (a) Assumptions of Inferiority, (b) Second-Class Citizen and Assumptions of Criminality, (c) Microinvalidations, (d) Exoticization/Assumptions of Similarity, (e) Environmental Microaggressions, and (f) Workplace and School Microaggressions, with a Cronbach's alpha of .912 for the overall model and subscales ranging from .783 to .873. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis (n = 218) supported the 6-factor model with a Cronbach's alpha of .892. Further analyses indicate that the REMS is a valid measure of racial microaggressions, as evidenced by high correlations with existing measures of racism and participants' feedback. Future research directions and implications for practice are discussed.
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Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice.
Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, C. M., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M. B., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.4.271 · Cited by 5,569
Self-citationRelation of sample size to the stability of component patterns.
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Cited by
Construction and initial validation of the Gendered Racial Microaggressions Scale for Black women.
Lewis, J. A., & Neville, H. A. (2015) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000062 · Cited by 468
The impact of racial microaggressions on mental health: Counseling implications for clients of color
Nadal, K. L., Griffin, K. E., Wong, Y., Hamit, S., & Rasmus, M. (2014) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00130.x · Cited by 360
Self-citationThe Adverse Impact of Racial Microaggressions on College Students’ Self-Esteem
Nadal, K. L., Wong, Y., Griffin, K. E., Davidoff, K., & Sriken, J. (2014) · Journal of College Student Development · doi:10.1353/csd.2014.0051 · Cited by 342
Self-citationMicroaggressions: Clarification, Evidence, and Impact
Williams, M. T. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619827499 · Cited by 328
Microaggressions and Perceptions of Cultural Humility in Counseling
Davis, D. E., DeBlaere, C., Brubaker, K., Owen, J., Jordan, T. A., Hook, J. N., & Van Tongeren, D. R. (2016) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12107 · Cited by 143
Metadata
- Authors
- Nadal, K. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 470-480
- ISSN
- 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2168
- OpenAlex
- W2062762292
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 43
- FWCI
- 45.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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