Cited by 651Psychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsCounseling Practices and SupervisionMental Health Treatment and Access

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 225 of the 228 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Racial/ethnic matching of clients and therapists in mental health services: A meta-analytic review of preferences, perceptions, and outcomes.

Cabral, Raquel R., Smith, Timothy B.·2011·Journal of Counseling Psychology

DOI 10.1037/a0025266

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Across several decades the effects of matching clients with therapists of the same race/ethnicity have been explored using a variety of approaches. We conducted a meta-analysis of 3 variables frequently used in research on racial/ethnic matching: individuals' preferences for a therapist of their own race/ethnicity, clients' perceptions of therapists across racial/ethnic match, and therapeutic outcomes across racial/ethnic match. Across 52 studies of preferences, the average effect size (Cohen's d) was 0.63, indicating a moderately strong preference for a therapist of one's own race/ethnicity. Across 81 studies of individuals' perceptions of therapists, the average effect size was 0.32, indicating a tendency to perceive therapists of one's own race/ethnicity somewhat more positively than other therapists. Across 53 studies of client outcomes in mental health treatment, the average effect size was 0.09, indicating almost no benefit to treatment outcomes from racial/ethnic matching of clients with therapists. These 3 averaged effect sizes were characterized by substantial heterogeneity: The effects of racial/ethnic matching are highly variable. Studies involving African American participants demonstrated the highest effect sizes across all 3 types of evaluations: preferences, perceptions, and outcomes.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/a0025266

Cites

225 of 225 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.).
Lachenbruch, P. A., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2290095 · Cited by 37,421
A theory of social comparison processes
Festinger, L. (1954) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872675400700202 · Cited by 20,926
Untitled work
(1963) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 15,085
Book Reviews: Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis Larry V. Hedges and Ingram Olkin New York: Academic Press, 1985. xxii + 369 pp
Wasserman, S. S., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1988) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164953 · Cited by 10,377
Untitled work
(2000) · Cited by 9,198
The attraction paradigm
(1972) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(72)80121-7 · Cited by 4,366
The Handbook of Research Synthesis.
Howel, D., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1995) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533295 · Cited by 3,657
The “false consensus effect”: An egocentric bias in social perception and attribution processes
Ross, L., Greene, D., & House, P. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90049-x · Cited by 3,139

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 228 references

3 of the 228 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 650

BARRIERS TO GROUP PSYCHOTHERAPY AMONG RACIALLY AND ETHNICALLY DIVERSE COLLEGE STUDENTS
Suri, R. (2015) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.4435.6320
Mental Illness and Mass Incarceration: Reframing the Analysis of the U.S. Criminal Justice System
Swabb, E. M. (2016)
Art therapy with Korean migrant women in a Korean community in the UK
Park, T. J. (2016) · Goldsmiths (University of London) · doi:10.25602/gold.00018387
Violence, Abuse, and Trauma in Family Therapy
Hays, D. G., & Bolin, S. T. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781394266470.ch17
RACIAL DISPARITIES IN ACCESS TO MENTAL HEALTH CARE: A FIELD EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Kugelmass, H. (2018)
Treatment Preference, Changes in Preference, and Quality of Life
Sage-Germain, C. (2018) · ScholarWorks - WMU (Western Michigan University)
When your graduation gift is cancer: The making of a psychotherapist.
Miller, A. E. (2019) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000141
Risk, Responsivity, and the Treatment Process in an Intimate Partner Violence Group Program
Schafers, C. L. (2019) · HARVEST (University of Saskatchewan)
Deference in Psychotherapy Influences How Clients Complete Outcome Measures
Romine, K. (2018) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)
Culturally Diverse Patients
Sullivan, M., & Aggarwal, N. K. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615371501.lr44
Psychotherapy for Africans with a Migration Background
Okpaku, S. O. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-24082-0_19
Scaling-up Child and Youth Mental Health Services: Assessing Coverage of a County-wide Initiative
Hooley, C. (2019) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/dbhw-y076
Pharmacotherapy Vs. Psychotherapy: An Educational Challenge in Current Psychiatric Training
Shafti, S. S. (2019) · Scholarly Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.32474/sjpbs.2019.02.000133
“, wait-list controls or minimal interventions), are about as effective as biomedical treatments for most disorders, and are about equally effective when compared to each other [6-8].”
Background
Psychotherapy with Diverse Adults in Later Life
Nguyen, S. A., Blumenshine, P., & Patel, B. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108693905.013
Friend or Foe: Empirically Supported Treatments for Culturally Minority Clients
Nishioka, S. A., Huang, C. Y., & Zane, N. W. S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32229-8_8
Therapist Mentalization and Patient Outcomes in the First Year of Psychotherapy
Palumbo, M. (2020) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Theoretical Perspectives on Mental Health and Illness: Introduction to Part I
Scheid, T. L., & Wright, E. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.003
Preventing Adolescent Suicidal Behavior: Integrating Sociology and Public Health
Crosby, A. E., & Willis, L. A. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.030
The Glocal Family
Sandhya, S. (2020) · The Handbook of Systemic Family Therapy · doi:10.1002/9781119438519.ch85
Innovating Mental Health Care for Migrants in the Netherlands
Rohlof, H., & van Dijk, R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70134-9_121-1
Mental Health Policy in the United States: Critical Reflection and Future Directions for Sociological Research
Watson, D. P., Adams, E. L., & Jackson, J. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.033
The Social Context of Mental Health and Illness: Introduction to Part II
Scheid, T. L., & Wright, E. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.012
Mental Health Systems and Policy: Introduction to Part III
Scheid, T. L., & Wright, E. R. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.023
Biological Approaches to Psychiatric Disorders: A Sociological Approach
Schwartz, S., & Corcoran, C. M. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.009
Colloquial filler and perceptions of therapist competence: the specific case of non-standard "like"
Quinn, T. J. (2013) · John Spoor Broome Library Institutional Repository (California State University)
Toward Anti-Racism in Canadian Psychology: A Call to Action from the Future of the FieldPreprint
Abdel-Baki, R., Collaton, J., Courtice, E. L., Gayfer, B., Lee, S., Linares, N. F. N., Mukunzi, J. N., Muyingo, L., Sanchez, T., Sharif, N., et al. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/hw85t · Cited by 1
The influence of multicultural priming on the therapist selection process
Harvey, J. M. (2016)
Stagnation in Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Approach
McCormick, K. (2021) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver)
Surviving Stigmatizing Sociocultural Environments: A Critical Narrative Inquiry into LGBTQ+ POC Experiences of Meaning-Making
White, D. (2021)
The Processes of Help-Seeking and Counsellor Development in the Context Of Men who Experience Intimate Partner Abuse
Toews, K. (2021) · HARVEST (University of Saskatchewan)
Considerations for Working With Immigrant Youth
Bailey, C. A., & Venta, A. C. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00152-7
Lone survivor: linking institutionalized racial adversity, lived experiences and mental health conditions among African Americans
John, M. E. (2018) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)
RAZIONALISMO E VOLONTARISMO NELLA CONCEZIONE DEL DIRITTO NATURALE NEL "DECRETUM" DI GRAZIANO
di Graziano, N. D., & Garancini, G. (2016)
Igniting Collective Freedom: An Integrative Behavioral Model of Acceptance and Commitment towards Black LiberationPreprint
Gingles, D. (2021) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/zk7jh
Preface
(2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.001
The Glocal Family
Sandhya, S. (2020) · The Handbook of Systemic Family Therapy · doi:10.1002/9781119788409.ch3
Foreword
Mechanic, D. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.002
References
(2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316471289.035
Moving forward—The science and the patient
Anisman, H., & Kusnecov, A. W. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91904-3.00011-2
Chapter 44. Culturally Diverse Patients
Sullivan, M., & Aggarwal, N. K. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615372980.lr44
Cultural Sensitivity: What Should We Understand About Latinos?
Jiménez, A. L., Alegria, M. M., Camino-Gaztambide, R. F., Zayas, L. V., & Lisotto, M. J. (2019) · Current clinical psychiatry · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20174-6_11
We are our sisters keeper : the experience of black female clergy responding to intimate partner violence
Shaw, A. R. (2017) · MOspace Institutional Repository (University of Missouri) · doi:10.32469/10355/62338
Higher Education in Prison Programs need more Faculty of Color and Faculty who are Legal System Impacted
Bamenga, L. (2022) · JCSCORE · doi:10.15763/issn.2642-2387.2022.8.1.64-73
“The value of same-race providers and service recipients has been extensively researched in the fields of clinical therapy and education (Cabral & Smith, 2011; Dee, 2004; Gershenson et al., 2021; Hoag, 2021; Milner, 2006; Sue et al., 1991).”
Background
Suicide Prevention for Underserved Populations and Community Mental Health
Padilla, A., Thakur, A., Drazba, A., & Giallorenzo, J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41319-4_60-1
Suicide Prevention for Underserved Populations and Community Mental Health
Padilla, A., Thakur, A., Drazba, A., & Giallorenzo, J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42003-1_60
Veterinary Social Work Across Diverse Cultures
Loue, S. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-10330-8_16
Should I Stay, or Should I Go? Rethinking Identity and the Experience of Migration as a Systemic Dialogue in Therapy
Businaro, N., Perrotta, L., & Aramini, J. (2023) · Palgrave texts in counselling and psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30526-9_9
The impact of the lack of Black clinicians/therapists on the mental health outcomes of Black, homeless individuals in Los Angeles, CA: a critical race theory framework
Russ, D. J. B. (2023) · Digital Repository Service (Northeastern University) · doi:10.17760/d20483552
Impact of a Peer Recovery Specialist-Delivered Behavioral Activation Intervention on Substance Use and Methadone Treatment Stigmas: Secondary Analysis of an Open-Label, Type 1 Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Pilot TrialPreprint
Kleinman, M. B., Anvari, M. S., Felton, J. W., Bradley, V. D., Belcher, A. M., Abidogun, T. M., Hines, A. C., Dean, D., Greenblatt, A. D., Wagner, M., et al. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4655550
References
(2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394258918.refs
References
(2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394259472.refs
Issues of Race and Ethnicity in Counselling Psychology
Nkansa-Dwamena, O. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781394259298.ch18
Migrationssensible Hilfen
Kadera, S., & Kindler, H. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66900-6_31
An Information Acquisition Approach on How Young Adults Search for Mental Health Professionals
Tuliao, A. P. (2024) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2023.2300831
“…have specific preferences (e.g., Speight & Vera, 2005), other research suggests a preference for counselor-client similarity in race/ethnicity, gender, and other demographic factors (or counselor-client demographic matching hypothesis; Cabral & Smith, 2011; Landes, Burton, King, & Sullivan, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluential
Culturally Responsive CBT and Mindfulness: Minimizing Suicidality in Correctional Settings
Tadros, E. (2024) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-024-00928-z
“Research suggests that clients have a tendency to seek out practitioners that reflect their own eth - nic/racial identity, otherwise known as racial/ethnic concordance (Cabral & Smith, 2011).”
A Primer for Culturally Attuned Psychedelic ResearchPreprint
Ching, T. H. W. (2024) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/q8npu
Client treatment preferences in psychedelic-assisted therapy for depression in participants with depressive symptoms
Oliva, A. B., Earleywine, M., Low, F., Altman, B. R., & Leo, J. A. D. (2024) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2024.00334
O comprometimento do diagnóstico do TEA na infância devido ao racismo estrutural: uma reflexão sob os impactos na psique
Ferro, E., Bezerra, F., Nascimento, G., & Moura, M. (2024) · LUMEN · doi:10.24024/23579897v33n1a2024p01310144
Sosyal Kimlikler ve Psikoterapi Süreçleri: Terapistin ve Danışanın Sosyal Kimlikleri Açısından Eşleşmesi
Korkmaz, F., & Yücel, E. (2024) · Ayna Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi · doi:10.31682/ayna.1338115
Cultural Humility, Cultural Comfort, and the Therapeutic Relationship in Play Therapy
Aguilar, E. V. (2024) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc2356241
Multiculturally and Historically Designed Child-Centered Play Therapy Rooms: A Comparison Study
Turner, K. K. (2024) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc2356231
Discharge Communication and the Achievement of Lifestyle and Behavioral Changes Post-Stroke in the Transitions of Care Stroke Disparities Study
Johnson, K. H., Gardener, H. E., Gutierrez, C. M., Marulanda-Londoño, E. T., Campo‐Bustillo, I., Perue, G. G., Brown, S. C., Ying, H., Zhou, L., Bishop, L., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/15598276241294243
Understanding and Dismantling the “Model Minority” Stereotype
Sevillano, L., & Macagupay, K. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197672242.003.0005
Facial attractiveness increases the likelihood of choosing a psychotherapist, irrespective of sexual preferences and perceived trustworthinessPreprint
Rosa, A. O. L., Ansani, A., Viola, M., & Marini, M. (2024) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/gkejh
Multicultural and Multinational Considerations in School Crisis Intervention
Jimerson, S. R., Weber, M., Brock, S. E., Mittelstet, A., & Zhan, Y. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69541-4_16
The Therapeutic Frame
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0006
Introduction
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.002.0005
Psychotherapist Self-Disclosure
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0011
Psychotropic Medication: Referrals and Adherence
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0019
Making Clinical Observations
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0016
Behavioral Health Emergencies
King, C. M., Murillo, M., Gabriel, E., & Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0023
The Supervisor–Supervisee Relationship
Willer, J., Vas, S. N., & Gandelman, E. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0005
Clinical Electronic Communications and Data Security
Willer, J., & Larsen, M. A. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0013
Copyright Page
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.002.0003
Psychotherapist Well-Being
Homany, G., Barnett, J., & Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0003
Mental Health Settings, Treatments, and Referrals
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0021
Common Feelings
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0002
The First Session: Preparation, Tasks, and Structure
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0018
Your Online Presence, Behavior, and Boundaries
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0012
Boundary Considerations
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0010
You, a Mental Health Professional
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0001
Boundary Crossings, Boundary Violations, and Multiple Relationships
Willer, J., & Barnett, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0009
Confidentiality
Willer, J., & Barnett, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0007
Your Growth
Kaseda, E., Graupman, E., Gandelman, E., Mastrili, N., & Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0024
Effective Documentation
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0015
Making a Diagnosis
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0017
Substance Misuse Disorders: Treatments and Referrals
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0022
Professional Phone Contacts and the Initial Phone Call
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0014
Informed Consent
Barnett, J., & Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0008
Our Differences from Our Clients
Willer, J., & Gandelman, E. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0004
Health-Related Referrals
Willer, J. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197670910.003.0020
Differential Treatment and Outcomes of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Psychotherapy
Dimmick, A. A. (2022) · doi:10.12794/metadc1944205
Neurophysiological and Social Development During Adolescence
Field, T. A., & Ghoston, M. R. (2025) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394347230.ch8
Advisory Board Immigrant and Refugee Women Survivors’ Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence
Bedi, R. P., Nagashima, S., & Rahimi, D. (2025) · Journal of Prevention and Health Promotion · doi:10.1177/26320770241308391
“Although research is pretty equivocal about whether racial/ ethnic matching between counselor and client results in better therapeutic outcomes (Cabral & Smith, 2011), it may result in immigrant and refugee survivors being more willing to try counseling initially due to the common belief that only…”
Emotional CPR: Community-Based Healing Through a Culturally Grounded Approach (Preprint)Preprint
Mbao, M., & Fortuna, K. L. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.76176
Facial attractiveness increases the likelihood of choosing a psychotherapist, irrespective of sexual preferences and perceived trustworthiness
Rosa, A. O. L., Ansani, A., Viola, M., & Marini, M. (2025) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2025.2494272
“Those patients who perceive the psychotherapist as “similar” in categories that they consider relevant (e.g., age, sex, race) tend to value them more positively (Cabral & Smith, 2011; Lasky & Salomone, 1977).”
The Holistic Trinity: Community-based Faith Leaders, Black Canadians, and Counselors
Sraha-Yeboah, M. (2025) · Counseling and Values · doi:10.1163/2161007x-bja10023
Client Treatment Preferences In Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy For Depression In Participants With Depressive Symptoms
Oliva, A. B. (2024) · Scholars Archive - University at Albany (University at Albany, State University of New York) · doi:10.54014/q14h-xgen
Therapy expectations and preferences, the role of identity, and help-seeking attitudes among racially diverse college students : a qualitative study
Scharff, A. (2020) · Scholars Archive - University at Albany (University at Albany, State University of New York) · doi:10.54014/cc6h-v6kd
Shifting standards : the effect of client race and level of symptomology on clinical judgment
Cooper, J. (2012) · Scholars Archive - University at Albany (University at Albany, State University of New York) · doi:10.54014/f1ag-0w44

Authors: Cabral, R. R., & Smith, T. B.
Affiliations: Brigham Young University (US)
ORCID: Smith, Timothy B.
Venue: Journal of Counseling Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2011
Volume: 58
Issue: 4
Pages: 537-554
ISSN: 0022-0167 (ISSN-L)
1939-2168
DOI: 10.1037/a0025266
OpenAlex: W2082304096
Cited by: 651
References: 228
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 50 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 21.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Counseling Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: therapist preferences, client perceptions of therapists, treatment outcomes, mental health services, African American clients
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Ethnicity, Health Personnel, Humans, Mental Health Services, Professional-Patient Relations, Psychotherapy, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, Racial Groups, Cultural Competency

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Racial/ethnic matching of clients and therapists in mental health services: A meta-analytic review of preferences, perceptions, and outcomes.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks