Cited by 529Sleep and related disordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 171 of the 171 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

(Mis)perception of Sleep in Insomnia: A Puzzle and a Resolution

Open access

Harvey, Allison G., Tang, Nicole K. Y.·2012·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/a0025730PMC PMC3277880

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Insomnia is prevalent, causing severe distress and impairment. This review focuses on illuminating the puzzling finding that many insomnia patients misperceive their sleep. They overestimate their sleep onset latency (SOL) and underestimate their total sleep time (TST), relative to objective measures. This tendency is ubiquitous (although not universal). Resolving this puzzle has clinical, theoretical, and public health importance. There are implications for assessment, definition, and treatment. Moreover, solving the puzzle creates an opportunity for real-world applications of theories from clinical, perceptual, and social psychology as well as neuroscience. Herein we evaluate 13 possible resolutions to the puzzle. Specifically, we consider the possible contribution, to misperception, of (1) features inherent to the context of sleep (e.g., darkness); (2) the definition of sleep onset, which may lack sensitivity for insomnia patients; (3) insomnia being an exaggerated sleep complaint; (4) psychological distress causing magnification; (5) a deficit in time estimation ability; (6) sleep being misperceived as wake; (7) worry and selective attention toward sleep-related threats; (8) a memory bias influenced by current symptoms and emotions, a confirmation bias/belief bias, or a recall bias linked to the intensity/recency of symptoms; (9) heightened physiological arousal; (10) elevated cortical arousal; (11) the presence of brief awakenings; (12) a fault in neuronal circuitry; and (13) there being 2 insomnia subtypes (one with and one without misperception). The best supported resolutions were misperception of sleep as wake, worry, and brief awakenings. A deficit in time estimation ability was not supported. We conclude by proposing several integrative solutions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/a0025730

Cites

171 of 171 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology.
Shelley, M., & Krippendorff, K. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288384 · Cited by 24,346
A manual for standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages in human subjects
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772
Untitled work
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Daroff, R. B. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.1.160 · Cited by 5,023
Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states.
Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.513 · Cited by 4,952
Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743 · cited 1×
“Approximately 6% of the adult population meet diagnostic criteria for insomnia (Ohayon, 2002).”
Background
Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.11.1479 · Cited by 2,440
Untitled work
(1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,324
Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond
Beck, J. S. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,208
Clinical Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Insomnia in Adults
Schutte-Rodin, S., Broch, L., Buysse, D., Dorsey, C., & Sateia, M. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27286 · Cited by 1,943

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 171 references

Research works printed but not linked: 7

Fleiss JL Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters Psychological Bulletin 1971 76 378 382
Freelon DG Intercoder reliability calculation as a web service International Journal of Internet Science 2010 5 20 33
Jason L Rapid improvement in insomnia following self-monitoring Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 1975 6 346 350
Klinger E Halisch F Kuhl J Current concerns and disengagement from incentives Motivation, intention and violation 1987 Berlin Springer-Verlag
Nickerson RS Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises Review of General Psychology 1998 2 175 220
Ross M Relation of implicit theories to the construction of personal histories Psychological Review 1989 96 341 357
Salkovskis PM Bass C Clark DM Fairburn CG Hypochondriasis Science and practice of cognitive behavioral therapy 1997 Oxford Oxford University Press 313 339

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 529

Sources of Sleep Disturbances and Psychological Strain for Hospital Staff Working during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abdoli, N., Farnia, V., Jahangiri, S., Radmehr, F., Alikhani, M., Abdoli, P., Davarinejad, O., Dürsteler, K. M., Brühl, A. B., Bahmani, D. S., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18126289 · Cited by 18
Sleep structure and awakening threshold in delayed sleep-wake phase disorder patients compared to healthy sleepers
Solheim, B., Langsrud, K., Kallestad, H., Engstrøm, M., Bjorvatn, B., & Sand, T. (2018) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.03.001 · Cited by 18
Emerging applications of objective sleep assessments towards the improved management of insomnia
Scott, H., Lechat, B., Manners, J., Lovato, N., Vakulin, A., CATCHESIDE, P. G., Eckert, D. J., & Reynolds, A. C. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.10.030 · Cited by 17
Temporal Associations between Sleep and Daytime Functioning in Parkinson’s Disease: A Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Assessment
Wu, J. Q., & Cronin‐Golomb, A. (2019) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2019.1629445 · Cited by 18
The interaction between anxiety sensitivity and cigarette smoking level in relation to sleep onset latency among adolescent cigarette smokers
Bilsky, S. A., Feldner, M. T., Knapp, A. A., Babson, K. A., & Leen‐Feldner, E. W. (2016) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.06.006 · Cited by 16
K-band Doppler radar for contact-less overnight sleep marker assessment: a pilot validation study
Vasireddy, R., Roth, C., Mathis, J., Goette, J., Jacomet, M., & Vogt, A. P. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing · doi:10.1007/s10877-017-0060-9 · Cited by 17
Brain reactivity using fMRI to insomnia stimuli in insomnia patients with discrepancy between subjective and objective sleep
Kim, Y.-B., Kim, N., Lee, J. J., Cho, S., Na, K., & Kang, S. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81219-2 · Cited by 18
Relationship, differences, and agreement between objective and subjective sleep measures in chronic spinal pain patients with comorbid insomnia: a cross-sectional study
Bilterys, T., Looveren, E. V., Malfliet, A., Nijs, J., Meeus, M., Danneels, L. A., Ickmans, K., Cagnie, B. J., Goubert, D., Moens, M., et al. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002901 · Cited by 16
Comparison of Polysomnography, Single-Channel Electroencephalogram, Fitbit, and Sleep Logs in Patients With Psychiatric Disorders: Cross-Sectional Study
Kawai, K., Iwamoto, K., Miyata, S., Okada, I., Fujishiro, H., Noda, A., Nakagome, K., Ozaki, N., & Ikeda, M. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/51336 · Cited by 16
Daytime sleepiness, driving performance, reaction time and inhibitory control during sleep restriction therapy for Chronic Insomnia Disorder
Whittall, H., Pillion, M., & Gradisar, M. (2017) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.10.007 · Cited by 16
Residual posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms after provision of brief behavioral intervention in low‐ and middle‐income countries: An individual‐patient data meta‐analysis
Akhtar, A., Koyiet, P. N., Rahman, A., Schafer, A., Hamdani, S. U., Cuijpers, P. J., Sijbrandij, M., & Bryant, R. A. (2021) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23221 · Cited by 17
Sleep EEG characteristics associated with total sleep time misperception in young adults: an exploratory study
Xu, B., Cai, Q., Mai, R., Liang, H., Huang, J., & Yang, Z. (2022) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/s12993-022-00188-2 · Cited by 16
Later school start time is associated with longer school day sleep duration and less social jetlag among Norwegian high school students: Results from a large‐scale, cross‐sectional study
Evanger, L. N., Bjorvatn, B., Pallesen, S., Hysing, M., Sivertsen, B., & Saxvig, I. W. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13840 · Cited by 18
Neuroendocrine dysfunction and insomniain mild traumatic brain injury patients
Zhou, D., Zhao, Y., Wan, Y., Wang, Y., Xie, D., Lu, Q., Yang, S., & Qi, X. (2015) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2015.10.055 · Cited by 16
Pre-sleep cognitive arousal exacerbates sleep disturbance in chronic pain: an exploratory daily diary and actigraphy study
Bean, D. J., Horne, J. C., Lee, A. C.-L., & Johnson, M. H. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2020-0185 · Cited by 14
Telephone-Based Behavioral Activation for Improving Sleep Quality in Family Caregivers of People With Dementia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Xu, X., Kwan, R. Y. C., Miao, J., Chai, A., & Leung, A. Y. M. (2022) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.02.007 · Cited by 16
Negative and positive sleep state misperception in patients with insomnia: factors associated with sleep perception
Yoon, G., Lee, M. H., Oh, S. M., Choi, J.-W., Yoon, S. Y., & Lee, Y. J. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.9974 · Cited by 17
Detecting Sleep and Nonwear in 24-h Wrist Accelerometer Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Thapa-Chhetry, B., ARGUELLO, D. J., John, D., & Intille, S. S. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002973 · Cited by 17
Sleep diaries and other subjective measures are essential for the assessment of insomnia
Perlis, M. L., Grandner, M. A., Posner, D. A., Spiegelhalder, K., & Riemann, D. W. (2024) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14313 · Cited by 15
Both objective and paradoxical insomnia elicit a stress response involving mitokine production
Martucci, M., Conte, M., Ostan, R., Chiariello, A., Miele, F., Franceschi, C., Salvioli, S., Santoro, A., & Provini, F. (2020) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.103274 · Cited by 15
Sleep EEG in chronic insomnia disorder
Carpi, M., & Liguori, C. (2025) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2110774 · Cited by 16
Personalized Assessment of Insomnia and Sleep Quality in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Diaconu, Ș., & Falup‐Pecurariu, C. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12020322 · Cited by 14
Group-based cognitive behavioral therapy program for improving poor sleep quality and quality of life in people with epilepsy: A pilot study
Paardekooper, D., Thayer, Z. C., Miller, L. A., Nikpour, A., & Gascoigne, M. B. (2020) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106884 · Cited by 15
Physical activity, sitting time and sleep duration before and during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes: A prospective panel study
Weng, S., Lee, Y., & Chien, L. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.15388 · Cited by 15
Misperception of sleep in bipolar disorder: an exploratory study using questionnaire versus actigraphy
Ihler, H. M., Meyrel, M., Hennion, V., Maruani, J., Gross, G., Geoffroy, P. A., Lagerberg, T. V., Melle, I. S., Bellivier, F., Scott, J. L., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40345-020-00198-x · Cited by 14
Sleep and health: examining the relation of sleep to burnout and well-being using a consumer fitness tracker
Grossi, N. R., Batinic, B., & Moharitsch, S. (2021) · Health and Technology · doi:10.1007/s12553-021-00603-0 · Cited by 14
The negative health effects of having a combination of snoring and insomnia
Hägg, S. A., Ilieva, E., Ljunggren, M. E., Franklin, K. A., Middelveld, R. J. M., Lundbäck, B., Janson, C., & Lindberg, E. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.9764 · Cited by 16
The Future of Insomnia Research—There's Still Work to Be Done
Dressle, R. J., Spiegelhalder, K., Schiel, J. E., Benz, F., Johann, A. F., Feige, B., Jernelöv, S., Perlis, M. L., & Riemann, D. W. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70091 · Cited by 15
Sleep Discrepancy in Patients With Comorbid Fibromyalgia and Insomnia: Demographic, Behavioral, and Clinical Correlates
Chan, W. S., Levsen, M. P., Puyat, S., Robinson, M. E., Staud, R. M., Berry, R. B., & McCrae, C. S. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.7492 · Cited by 15
Elusive hypersomnolence in seasonal affective disorder: actigraphic and self-reported sleep in and out of depressive episodes
Wescott, D. L., Franzen, P. L., Hasler, B. P., Miller, M. A., Soehner, A. M., Smagula, S. F., Wallace, M. L., Hall, M. H., & Roecklein, K. A. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329172100283x · Cited by 13
Smartphone Addiction Proneness Is Associated With Subjective-Objective Sleep Discrepancy in Patients With Insomnia Disorder
Lee, J., Jung, H., Lee, S. I., Youn, H., & Kim, S. G. (2021) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2020.0360 · Cited by 15
Sex and Gender Science: The World Writes on the Body
Brown, A., Karkaby, L., Perović, M., Shafi, R., & Einstein, G. (2022) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_304 · Cited by 13
Real, misreported, and backfilled adherence with paper sleep diaries
Clegg-Kraynok, M. M., Barnovsky, L., & Zhou, E. S. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.04.011 · Cited by 15
Assessing the daily association of sleep hygiene behaviours with sleep: A between and within persons approach
McAlpine, T., Mullan, B. A., & Clarke, P. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-023-00448-0 · Cited by 17
Heart rate phenotypes and clinical correlates in a large cohort of adults without sleep apnea
Huang, Z., Goparaju, B., Chen, H., & Bianchi, M. T. (2018) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s155733 · Cited by 13
Sleep Architecture and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Activity in Paradoxical and Psychophysiological Insomnia
Mohammadi, H., Rezaei, M. B., Amiri, S. M., Rahimi, Z., Mansouri, K., & Khazaie, H. (2018) · Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal · doi:10.32598/bcn.9.6.397 · Cited by 13
Sleep onset (mis)perception in relation to sleep fragmentation, time estimation and pre-sleep arousal
Hermans, L. W., Nano, M.-M., Leufkens, T., van Gilst, M. M., & Overeem, S. (2020) · Sleep Medicine X · doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2020.100014 · Cited by 13
Using Actigraphy and mHealth Systems for an Objective Analysis of Sleep Quality on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients
Martínez, M. P., Guerrero-Contreras, G., Miró, E., Benghazi, K., Sánchez, A. I., Garrido, J. L. G., Prados, G., & Balderas-Díaz, S. (2017) · Methods of Information in Medicine · doi:10.3414/me16-02-0011 · Cited by 13
Seasonality in pain, sleep and mental distress in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain at latitude 69° N
Abeler, K., Sand, T., Friborg, O., & Bergvik, S. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1764011 · Cited by 14
Enhancements to the multiple sleep latency test
Meza-Vargas, S., Giannouli, E., & Younes, M. (2016) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s103596 · Cited by 12
Sleep Fragmentation Does Not Explain Misperception of Latency or Total Sleep Time
Saline, A., Goparaju, B., & Bianchi, M. T. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6124 · Cited by 13
Sleep Continuity, Stability and Cyclic Organization Are Impaired in Insomniacs: A Case–Control Study
Conte, F., Malloggi, S., Rosa, O. D., Iorio, I. D., Romano, F., Giganti, F., & Ficca, G. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20021240 · Cited by 14
Abnormal alterations of regional spontaneous neuronal activity and functional connectivity in insomnia patients with difficulty falling asleep: a resting-state fMRI study
Jiang, T., Yin, X., Zhu, L., Jia, W., Tan, Z., Li, B., & Guo, J. (2023) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-023-03481-3 · Cited by 14
Decreased Delta/Beta ratio index as the sleep state-independent electrophysiological signature of sleep state misperception in Insomnia disorder: A focus on the sleep onset and the whole night
Fasiello, E., Gorgoni, M., Galbiati, A., Sforza, M., Berra, F., Scarpelli, S., Alfonsi, V., Annarumma, L., Casoni, F. M., Zucconi, M., et al. (2024) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120782 · Cited by 15
Digital CBT for insomnia and emotion regulation in the workplace: a randomised waitlist-controlled trial
Moukhtarian, T. R., Fletcher, S., Walasek, L., Patel, K., Toro, C. T., Hurley-Wallace, A. L., Kershaw, C., Russel, S., Daly, G. B. J., Tang, N. K. Y., et al. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725000194 · Cited by 15
Exploring Predictors of Sleep State Misperception in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Hall, K. A. A., Werner, K. B., Griffin, M. G., & Galovski, T. E. (2022) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2021.2024193 · Cited by 12
Sleep-Wake Time Perception Varies by Direct or Indirect Query
Alameddine, Y. A., Ellenbogen, J. M., & Bianchi, M. T. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.4456 · Cited by 12
Clinical Implications of Impaired Sleep
Terre, L. (2014) · American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine · doi:10.1177/1559827614521955 · Cited by 13
Characteristics of napping in community-dwelling insomnia patients
Jang, K. H., Lee, J. H., Kim, S.-J., & Kwon, H. J. (2018) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.12.018 · Cited by 12
Sleep Discrepancy in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Brief Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia in Older Adults
Chan, W. S., Dautovich, N. D., McNamara, J. P. H., Stripling, A. M., Dzierzewski, J. M., McCoy, K. J. M., & McCrae, C. S. (2020) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2020.1726750 · Cited by 14
Subjective and Objective Measurement of Sleep Quality and Activity in Glaucoma
Stoner, A. M., Patnaik, J. L., Ertel, M. K., Young, C. E. C., SooHoo, J. R., Pantcheva, M. B., Kahook, M. Y., & Seibold, L. K. (2023) · Journal of Glaucoma · doi:10.1097/ijg.0000000000002186 · Cited by 12
Sleep efficiency predicts improvements in fear extinction and PTSD symptoms during prolonged exposure for veterans with comorbid insomnia
Hunt, C., Park, J., Bomyea, J. A., & Colvonen, P. J. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115216 · Cited by 11
Evaluation of Correlation between Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders in a Population of Night Shift Workers: A Pilot Study
Cirrincione, L., Plescia, F., Malta, G., Campagna, M., Lecca, L. I., Škerjanc, A., Carena, E., Baylon, V., Theodoridou, K., Fruscione, S., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043756 · Cited by 11
Sleep Quality in Family Caregivers of Individuals With Dementia
Peng, H., Lorenz, R., & Chang, Y.-P. (2016) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/1054773815610747 · Cited by 11
Hypersomnolence is associated with non-remission of major depressive disorder
Cheung, M. M. S., Lam, S. P., Chau, S. W. H., Chan, N. Y., Li, T. M. H., Wing, Y. K., & Chan, J. W. Y. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.04.018 · Cited by 10
Psychological Pathways Linking Parent–Child Relationships to Objective and Subjective Sleep Among Older Adults
Wang, H., Kim, K., Burr, J. A., & Wu, B. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbab013 · Cited by 11
Decreased functional connectivity within the salience network after two-week morning bright light exposure in individuals with sleep disturbances: a preliminary randomized controlled trial
Ma, J., Kim, M., Kim, J., Hong, G., Namgung, E., Park, S., Lim, S. M., Lyoo, I. K., & Yoon, S. J. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.009 · Cited by 11
Association Between Informant-Reported Sleep Disturbance and Incident Dementia: An Analysis of the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set
Lee, W., Gray, S. L., Barthold, D., Maust, D. T., & Marcum, Z. A. (2020) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464820967202 · Cited by 12
Clinical phenotypes of obstructive sleep apnea: a cluster analysis based on sleep perception and sleep quality
Wei, H., Zhu, J., Lei, F., Luo, L., Zhang, Y., Ren, R., Li, T., Tan, L., & Tang, X. (2023) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-023-02786-4 · Cited by 10
Subjective sleep quality, but not objective sleep measures, mediates the relationship between pre‐sleep worrying and affective wellbeing
Werner, A., Hachenberger, J., Spiegelhalder, K., Rueth, J., Schlarb, A. A., Lohaus, A., & Lemola, S. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14467 · Cited by 10
Socio-Demographic, Nutritional, and Lifestyle Factors Influencing Perceived Sleep Quality in Spain, with a Particular Focus on Women and Young People
Sandri, E., Broccolo, A., & Piredda, M. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17061065 · Cited by 11
Comparison of sleep characteristics measurements: a case study with a population aged 65 and above
Gaiduk, M., Seepold, R., Ortega, J. A., & Madrid, N. M. (2020) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2020.09.297 · Cited by 10
Insomnia Symptoms and Acute Coronary Syndrome-Induced Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: A Comprehensive Analysis of Cross-sectional and Prospective Associations
von Känel, R., Meister‐Langraf, R. E., Pazhenkottil, A. P., Barth, J., Schnyder, U., Schmid, J., Znoj, H., & Princip, M. (2021) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa128 · Cited by 9
Sleep-Wake Survival Dynamics in People with Insomnia
Hermans, L. W., Regis, M., Fonseca, P. M., Hoondert, B., Leufkens, T., Overeem, S., & van Gilst, M. M. (2021) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s295699 · Cited by 9
Morning perception of sleep, stress, and mood, and its relationship with overnight physiological sleep: findings from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence ( NCANDA ) study
Albinni, B., Baker, F. C., Javitz, H. S., Hasler, B. P., Franzen, P. L., Clark, D. B., & de Zambotti, M. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13886 · Cited by 9
Meaningful Within-Patient Change in Subjective Total Sleep Time in Patients with Insomnia Disorder: An Analysis of the Sleep Diary Questionnaire Using Data from Open-Label and Phase III Clinical Trials
Phillips-Beyer, A., Kawata, A. K., Kleinman, L., Kinter, D. S., & Flamion, B. (2024) · Pharmaceutical Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40290-023-00512-9 · Cited by 9
Self-focused thinking predicts nighttime physiological de-arousal
Takano, K., Ueno, M., & Tanno, Y. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.01.001 · Cited by 9
The Mediating Role of Pathological Worry in Associations Between Dissociative Experiences and Sleep Quality Among Health Staff
Yıldırım, A., Boysan, M., & Yılmaz, O. (2018) · Sleep and Hypnosis · doi:10.5350/sleep.hypn.2017.19.0152 · Cited by 9
Interacting Influences of Sleep, Pain, and Analgesic Medications on Sleep Studies in Rodents
Toth, L. A. (2019) · Comparative Medicine · doi:10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000029 · Cited by 9
How does work impact daily sleep quality? A within‐individual study using actigraphy and self‐reports over the retirement transition
Garefelt, J., Gershagen, S., Kecklund, G., Westerlund, H., & Platts, L. G. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13513 · Cited by 9
What’s keeping teens up at night? Reflecting on sleep and technology habits with teens
Ploderer, B., Rodgers, S., & Liang, Z. (2022) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-021-01661-x · Cited by 10
Association Between Subjective-Objective Discrepancy of Sleeping Time and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Community-Based Polysomnographic Study
Cho, S.-E., Kang, J. M., Ko, K.-P., Lim, W.-J., Redline, S. S., Winkelman, J. W., & Kang, S.-G. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001070 · Cited by 13
Effects of mindfulness‐based therapy for insomnia and a sleep hygiene/exercise programme on subjective‐objective sleep discrepancy in older adults with sleep disturbances: Exploratory secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial
Shaif, N. A. S., Doshi, K., & Lim, J. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13700 · Cited by 10
The role of perceived sleep norms in subjective sleep appraisals and sleep-related illness behavior
Mulla, M. M., Lewis, J. A., Hamilton, J. C., Tutek, J., Emert, S. E., Witte, T. H., & Lichstein, K. L. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-017-9867-6 · Cited by 9
Comparison of Sleep Patterns in Vietnam Veterans With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Using Wrist Actigraphy
Theal, R., McLeay, S. C., Gleeson, S., Lowrie, F., O’Sullivan, R., McLeay, S. C., Harvey, W., Romaniuk, M., Crawford, D. H., Colquhoun, D., et al. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.7762 · Cited by 9
Neuroimaging in insomnia: Review and reconsiderations
Aquino, G., & Schiel, J. E. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14030 · Cited by 8
Associations between anxiety, sleep, and blood pressure parameters in pregnancy: a prospective pilot cohort study
Miller, H. E., Simpson, S. L., Hurtado, J., Boncompagni, A. C., Chueh, J. T., Shu, C.-H., Barwick, F. H., Leonard, S. A., Carvalho, B., Sultan, P., et al. (2024) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-024-06540-w · Cited by 11
Multimodal assessment of sleep-wake perception in insomnia disorder
Schneider, C. L., Fehér, K. D., Hertenstein, E., Hügli, F., Wunderlin, M., Züst, M. A., Mikutta, C. A., Adamantidis, A., Berger, T., Riemann, D. W., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-00995-3 · Cited by 10
Cigarette use, anxiety, and insomnia from adolescence to early adulthood: A longitudinal indirect effects test
Bilsky, S. A., Luber, M. J., Cloutier, R. M., Dietch, J. R., Taylor, D. J., & Friedman, H. P. (2021) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106981 · Cited by 8
Case report: Chronological symptom profile after cessation of overdose zolpidem in a patient with comorbid bipolar disorder—from anxiety, craving, paresthesia and influenza-like symptoms to seizures and hallucinations
Mao, Z.-X., Xia, Y., Wang, H.-Y., & Guo, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.962836 · Cited by 8
Genetic risk for insomnia is associated with objective sleep measures in young and healthy good sleepers
Koshmanova, E., Muto, V., Chylinski, D., Mouraux, C., Reyt, M., Grinard, M., Talwar, P., Lambot, E., Berthomier, C., Brandewinder, M., et al. (2022) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105924 · Cited by 8
The effects of seasonal affective disorder and alcohol abuse on sleep and snoring functions in a population‐based study in Finland
Morales‐Muñoz, I., Koskinen, S. V. P., & Partonen, T. (2017) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12611 · Cited by 7
Assessing sleep-wake survival dynamics in relation to sleep quality in a placebo-controlled pharmacological intervention study with people with insomnia and healthy controls
Hermans, L. W., Regis, M., Fonseca, P. M., Overeem, S., Leufkens, T., Vermeeren, A., & van Gilst, M. M. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05660-3 · Cited by 8
Mapping insomnia symptoms and circadian preferences to mental health problems in men and women across the lifespan
Sarsembayeva, D., Schreuder, M. J., & Hartman, C. A. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115689 · Cited by 7
Daytime sleepiness in insomnia: Are we focusing on what truly matters?
Marques, D. R., Gomes, A. A., & de Azevedo, M. H. P. (2024) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2024.2378025 · Cited by 7
Objective measurement of sleep by smartphone application: comparison with actigraphy and relation to self-reported sleep
Maynard, T. R., Appleman, E. R., Cronin‐Golomb, A., & Neargarder, S. A. (2021) · Exploration of Targeted Anti-tumor Therapy · doi:10.37349/emed.2021.00057 · Cited by 6
A Meta-Analysis of Sleep Disturbances in Panic Disorder
Belleville, G., & Potočnik, A. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.86306 · Cited by 7
Day‐to‐day associations between sleep characteristics and affect in community dwelling adults
Wong, P. M., Hasler, B. P., Kamarck, T. W., Wright, A. G. C., Hall, M. H., Carskadon, M. A., Gao, L., & Manuck, S. B. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13297 · Cited by 7
The sleep loss insult of Spring Daylight Savings in the US is observable in Twitter activity
Linnell, K., Arnold, M., Alshaabi, T., McAndrew, T., Lim, J., Dodds, P. S., & Danforth, C. M. (2021) · Journal Of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-021-00503-0 · Cited by 7
Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Effectiveness of Personalized Computerized Cognitive Training for Individuals With Insomnia
Tapia, J. L., Puertas, F. J., & Duñabeitia, J. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.779990 · Cited by 7
What do women mean by poor sleep? A large population-based sample with polysomnographical indicators, inflammation, fatigue, depression, and anxiety
Åkerstedt, T., Schwarz, J., Theorell‐Haglöw, J., & Lindberg, E. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.06.029 · Cited by 7
Heart rate response to cortical arousals in patients with isolated obstructive sleep apnea and with comorbid insomnia (COMISA)
Wulterkens, B. M., Hermans, L. W., Fonseca, P. M., Janssen, H. C. J. P., van Hirtum, P. V., Overeem, S., & van Gilst, M. M. (2023) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-023-02954-6 · Cited by 7
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Insomnia
Shallcross, A. J., & Visvanathan, P. D. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29866-5_3 · Cited by 8
Treatment preferences and help-seeking behaviors for sleep problems among psychiatric outpatients
Chang, S. S. H., Seow, E., Koh, S. H. D., Verma, S. K., Mok, Y. M., Abdin, E., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2017) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.08.001 · Cited by 7
Spectral sleep electroencephalographic correlates of sleep efficiency, and discrepancies between actigraphy and self‐reported measures, in older men
Smagula, S. F., Sofer, T., Guo, N., Prerau, M. J., Purcell, S., Mariani, S., Yaffe, K. S., Redline, S. S., & Stone, K. L. (2020) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13033 · Cited by 7
Subjective sleep disturbances are associated with intrinsic motivation toward sleep-related thinking
Takano, K., & Raes, F. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.11.002 · Cited by 7
Discordant Subjective Perception of Sleep in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Insomnia: A Retrospective Study
Zhuang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, L., Liu, W., Xu, Y., Zhang, Y., Hu, L., & Mao, H. (2022) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.937134 · Cited by 6
Sleep State Misperception in Insomnia: The Role of Sleep Instability and Emotional Dysregulation
Cini, E., Bolengo, F., Fasiello, E., Berra, F., Gorgoni, M., Sforza, M., Casoni, F. M., Proserpio, P., Castronovo, V., Gennaro, L. D., et al. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15101078 · Cited by 6
On the Efficacy of a CBT-I-Based Online Program for Sleep Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Eigl, E., Hauser, T., Topalidis, P. I., & Schabus, M. (2023) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep5040039 · Cited by 6
Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia reduces actigraphy and diary measured sleep discrepancy for individuals with comorbid insomnia and major depressive disorder: A report from the TRIAD study
Spina, M.-A., Bei, B., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., Krystal, A. D., Edinger, J. D., Buysse, D. J., Thase, M. E., & Manber, R. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.12.014 · Cited by 8

Authors: Harvey, A. G., & Tang, N. K. Y.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Arthritis Research UK (GB)
ORCID: Harvey, Allison G.
Tang, Nicole K. Y.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2012-01
Volume: 138
Issue: 1
Pages: 77-101
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/a0025730
PMC: PMC3277880
OpenAlex: W2001331727
Cited by: 529
References: 171
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 24.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH080958)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: insomnia, sleep misperception, sleep latency, total sleep time, subjective sleep duration, sleep complaints, worry, time estimation, memory bias, confirmation bias, belief bias, recall bias, physiological arousal, cortical arousal, insomnia subtypes
MeSH terms: Arousal, Attention, Darkness, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Models, Theoretical, Perceptual Distortion, Personality Assessment, Mental Recall, Sleep, Stress, Psychological, Time Perception, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Actigraphy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

(Mis)perception of Sleep in Insomnia: A Puzzle and a Resolution

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks