Cited by 529Sleep and related disordersAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 171 of the 171 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

(Mis)perception of Sleep in Insomnia: A Puzzle and a Resolution

Open access

Harvey, Allison G., Tang, Nicole K. Y.·2012·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/a0025730PMC PMC3277880

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Insomnia is prevalent, causing severe distress and impairment. This review focuses on illuminating the puzzling finding that many insomnia patients misperceive their sleep. They overestimate their sleep onset latency (SOL) and underestimate their total sleep time (TST), relative to objective measures. This tendency is ubiquitous (although not universal). Resolving this puzzle has clinical, theoretical, and public health importance. There are implications for assessment, definition, and treatment. Moreover, solving the puzzle creates an opportunity for real-world applications of theories from clinical, perceptual, and social psychology as well as neuroscience. Herein we evaluate 13 possible resolutions to the puzzle. Specifically, we consider the possible contribution, to misperception, of (1) features inherent to the context of sleep (e.g., darkness); (2) the definition of sleep onset, which may lack sensitivity for insomnia patients; (3) insomnia being an exaggerated sleep complaint; (4) psychological distress causing magnification; (5) a deficit in time estimation ability; (6) sleep being misperceived as wake; (7) worry and selective attention toward sleep-related threats; (8) a memory bias influenced by current symptoms and emotions, a confirmation bias/belief bias, or a recall bias linked to the intensity/recency of symptoms; (9) heightened physiological arousal; (10) elevated cortical arousal; (11) the presence of brief awakenings; (12) a fault in neuronal circuitry; and (13) there being 2 insomnia subtypes (one with and one without misperception). The best supported resolutions were misperception of sleep as wake, worry, and brief awakenings. A deficit in time estimation ability was not supported. We conclude by proposing several integrative solutions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/a0025730

Cites

171 of 171 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology.
Shelley, M., & Krippendorff, K. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288384 · Cited by 24,346
A manual for standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages in human subjects
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772
Untitled work
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Daroff, R. B. (1991) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.41.1.160 · Cited by 5,023
Mood, misattribution, and judgments of well-being: Informative and directive functions of affective states.
Schwarz, N., & Clore, G. L. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.3.513 · Cited by 4,952
Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743 · cited 1×
“Approximately 6% of the adult population meet diagnostic criteria for insomnia (Ohayon, 2002).”
Background
Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.11.1479 · Cited by 2,440
Untitled work
(1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,324
Cognitive Therapy: Basics and Beyond
Beck, J. S. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,208
Clinical Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Insomnia in Adults
Schutte-Rodin, S., Broch, L., Buysse, D., Dorsey, C., & Sateia, M. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27286 · Cited by 1,943
Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: A longitudinal epidemiological study of young Adults
Breslau, N., Roth, T., Rosenthal, L., & Andreski, P. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00188-3 · Cited by 1,831
A cognitive model of insomnia
Harvey, A. G. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00061-4 · Cited by 1,790
Self-citation
The sleep switch: hypothalamic control of sleep and wakefulness
Saper, C. B., Chou, T. C., & Scammell, T. E. (2001) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02002-6 · Cited by 1,656
Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis
Benca, R. M. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080059010 · Cited by 1,468
Psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia: update of the recent evidence (1998-2004)
Morin, C. M., Bootzin, R. R., Buysse, D. J., Edinger, J. D., Espie, C. A., & Lichstein, K. L. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.11.1398 · Cited by 1,345 · cited 4×
“As already noted, while there is no doubt that effective treatments have been developed for insomnia (e.g., Morin et al., 2006), the field is not yet at a point where patients can be offered a maximally effective treatment.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The human emotional brain without sleep—a prefrontal amygdala disconnect
Yoo, S.-S., Gujar, N., Hu, P., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.007 · Cited by 1,303
Recommendations for a standard research assessment of insomnia
Buysse, D. J., Ancoli-Israel, S., Edinger, J. D., Lichstein, K. L., & Morin, C. M. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.9.1155 · Cited by 1,206
The Tie That Binds? Coherence Among Emotion Experience, Behavior, and Physiology.
Mauss, I. B., Levenson, R. W., McCarter, L., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2005) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.5.2.175 · Cited by 1,201
Nonpharmacological interventions for insomnia: a meta-analysis of treatment efficacy
(1994) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.151.8.1172 · Cited by 1,098
Patients' memories of painful medical treatments: real-time and retrospective evaluations of two minimally invasive procedures
Redelmeier, D. A., & Kahneman, D. (1996) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(96)02994-6 · Cited by 1,078
Derivation of Research Diagnostic Criteria for Insomnia: Report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Work Group
Edinger, J. D., Bonnet, M. H., Bootzin, R. R., Doghramji, K., Dorsey, C. M., Espie, C. A., Jamieson, A. O., McCall, W. V., Morin, C. M., & Stepanski, E. J. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.8.1567 · Cited by 1,039 · cited 9×
“For example, the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC; Edinger et al., 2004) defines "paradoxical insomnia" as a subtype of insomnia disorder and requires that PSG shows TST greater than 6.5 hours, sleep efficiency (SE; TST/Time in bed × 100) greater than 85% and daytime impairment that is less severe than would be typic…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Untitled work
(2004) · Cited by 964
Self-citation
The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events : Rules
Iber, C. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 929
Chronic insomnia is associated with nyctohemeral activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: clinical implications
Vgontzas, A. N., Bixler, E. O., Lin, H.-M., Prolo, P., Mastorakos, G., Vela-Bueno, A., Kales, A., & Chrousos, G. P. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.8.7778 · Cited by 884
Comorbidity of Chronic Insomnia With Medical Problems
Taylor, D. J., Mallory, L. J., Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Riedel, B. W., & Bush, A. J. (2007) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.2.213 · Cited by 875
Psychophysiological insomnia: the behavioural model and a neurocognitive perspective
PERLIS, M. L., GILES, D. E., MENDELSON, W. B., BOOTZIN, R. R., & WYATT, J. K. (1997) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1997.00045.x · Cited by 795
Functional Neuroimaging Evidence for Hyperarousal in Insomnia
Nofzinger, E. A., Buysse, D. J., Germain, A., Price, J. C., Miewald, J. M., & Kupfer, D. J. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.11.2126 · Cited by 752 · cited 2×
“…plasma level of adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisl;Vgontzas et al., 2001), brain metabolism (greater global glucose metabolism during sleep; Nofzinger et al., 2004), and brain activity (an abnormality in the balance between the limbic system and the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus; Cano,…”
Background
Use of sleep hygiene in the treatment of insomnia
Stepanski, E. J., & Wyatt, J. K. (2003) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0246 · Cited by 733 · cited 1×
“Behavioral contributors to insomnia include spending too much time in bed trying to sleep, erratic sleep-wake schedules as well as lifestyle choices that interfere with sleep (e.g., caffeine or alcohol use too close to bedtime; Bootzin & Perlis, 1992; Morin, 1993; Stepanski & Wyatt, 2003).”
Background
Understanding and treating obsessive–compulsive disorder
Salkovskis, P. M. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00049-2 · Cited by 732
The phenomenology of the pre-sleep state: the development of the pre-sleep arousal scale
Nicassio, P. M., Mendlowitz, D. R., Fussell, J. J., & Petras, L. (1985) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(85)90004-x · Cited by 704
On the experience of time
Ornstein, R. E. (1970) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 692
Identifying effective psychological treatments for insomnia: A meta-analysis.
Murtagh, D. R. R., & Greenwood, K. M. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.63.1.79 · Cited by 664
Selective attention enhances the auditory 40-Hz transient response in humans
Tiitinen, H., Sinkkonen, J., Reinikainen, K., Alho, K., Lavikainen, J., & Näätänen, R. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/364059a0 · Cited by 656
Psychological and physiological differences between good and poor sleepers.
Monroe, L. J. (1967) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024563 · Cited by 637
Insomnia: conceptual issues in the development, persistence, and treatment of sleep disorder in adults
Espie, C. A. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135243 · Cited by 596 · cited 1×
“Cognitive contributors include unhelpful beliefs about sleep, worry/ rumination, and selective attention to threat (Espie, 2002; Harvey, 2002; Morin, 1993).”
Background
24-Hour Metabolic Rate in Insomniacs and Matched Normal Sleepers
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (1995) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/18.7.581 · Cited by 557
Anxiety disorders: Why they persist and how to treat them
Clark, D. M. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00048-0 · Cited by 556 · cited 4×
“When patients detect these cues they misinterpret them as indicative of threat (Clark, 1999; Salkovskis & Bass, 1997).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Self-reports versus sleep laboratory findings in 122 drug-free subjects with complaints of chronic insomnia
(1976) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.133.12.1382 · Cited by 549
Quantitative criteria for insomnia
Lichstein, K. L., Durrence, H. H., Taylor, D. J., Bush, A. J., & Riedel, B. W. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00023-2 · Cited by 531
Insomnia and health-related quality of life
Kyle, S. D., Morgan, K., & Espie, C. A. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.07.004 · Cited by 520
Beta/Gamma EEG Activity in Patients with Primary and Secondary Insomnia and Good Sleeper Controls
Perlis, M. L., Smith, M. T., Andrews, P. J., Orff, H. J., & Giles, D. E. (2001) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/24.1.110 · Cited by 502
Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep among older adults with and without insomnia complaints.
Morin, C. M., Stone, J., Trinkle, D. B., Mercer, J., & al, E. (1993) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.8.3.463 · Cited by 490
Cognitive behavior therapy for chronic insomnia occurring within the context of medical and psychiatric disorders
Smith, M. T., Huang, M. I., & Manber, R. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.04.004 · Cited by 453
Sleep-Related Functioning in Euthymic Patients With Bipolar Disorder, Patients With Insomnia, and Subjects Without Sleep Problems
Harvey, A. G., Schmidt, D., Scarnà, A., Semler, C. N., & Goodwin, G. M. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.50 · Cited by 416
Self-citation
Disagreement between subjective and actigraphic measures of sleep duration in a population‐based study of elderly persons*
van den Berg, J. F., van Rooij, F. J. A., Vos, H., Tulen, J. H. M., Albert Hofman, D., Miedema, H., Neven, A. K., & Tiemeier, H. W. (2008) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00638.x · Cited by 413
Insomnia: A Clinical Guide to Assessment and Treatment
Morin, C. M., & Espie, C. A. (2007) · Digital Access to Libraries (Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), l'Université de Namur (UNamur) and the Université Saint-Louis (USL-B)) · doi:10.1007/b105845 · Cited by 406
Do schizophrenic patients show a disjunctive relationship among expressive, experiential, and psychophysiological components of emotion?
Kring, A. M., & Neale, J. M. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.2.249 · Cited by 374
Misinterpretation of body sensations in panic disorder.
Clark, D. M., Salkovskis, P. M., Öst, L., Breitholtz, E., Koehler, K. A., Westling, B. E., Jeavons, A., & Michael, G. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.65.2.203 · Cited by 372
Beta EEG activity and insomnia
Perlis, M. L., Merica, H., Smith, M. T., & Giles, D. E. (2001) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0151 · Cited by 353
NREM Sleep EEG Frequency Spectral Correlates of Sleep Complaints in Primary Insomnia Subtypes
Krystal, A. D., Edinger, J. D., Wohlgemuth, W. K., & Marsh, G. R. (2002) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/25.6.626 · Cited by 350
Current controversies in the anxiety disorders
Rapee, R. M. (1996) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · Cited by 349
The process of falling asleep
Ogilvie, R. D. (2001) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0145 · Cited by 328
Relationships between affect, vigilance, and sleepiness following sleep deprivation
Franzen, P. L., Siegle, G. J., & Buysse, D. J. (2008) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00635.x · Cited by 326
Memory for pain: Relation between past and present pain intensity
Eich, E., Reeves, J. L., Jaeger, B. A., & Graff‐Radford, S. B. (1985) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(85)90007-7 · Cited by 321
Recorded and Reported Sleep in Chronic Primary Insomnia
Frankel, B. L. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770050067011 · Cited by 297
Daytime symptoms in primary insomnia: A prospective analysis using ecological momentary assessment
Buysse, D. J., Thompson, W., Scott, J., Franzen, P. L., Germain, A., Hall, M., Moul, D. E., Nofzinger, E. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.10.006 · Cited by 289
Motivation, Intention, and Volition
Halisch, F., & Kühl, J. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-70967-8 · Cited by 283
Intrusive thoughts and their relationship to actigraphic measurement of sleep: towards a cognitive model of insomnia
Wicklow, A. A., & Espie, C. A. (2000) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(99)00136-9 · Cited by 282
The discrepant repressor: Differentiation between low anxiety, high anxiety, and repression of anxiety by autonomic-facial-verbal patterns of behavior.
Asendorpf, J. B., & Scherer, K. R. (1983) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.45.6.1334 · Cited by 276
How Sleep and Mental Disorders Are Related to Complaints of Daytime Sleepiness
Ohayon, M. M. (1997) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1997.00440430127015 · Cited by 271
Insomnia with Objective Short Sleep Duration is Associated with Deficits in Neuropsychological Performance: A General Population Study
Fernández‐Mendoza, J., Calhoun, S. L., Bixler, E. O., Pejovic, S., Karataraki, M., Liao, D., Vela‐Bueno, A., Ramos-Platon, M. J., Sauder, K. A., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2010) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/33.4.459 · Cited by 261
Sleep Misperception and Chronic Insomnia in the General Population: Role of Objective Sleep Duration and Psychological Profiles
Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Calhoun, S. L., Bixler, E. O., Karataraki, M., Liao, D., Vela-Bueno, A., Jose Ramos-Platon, M., Sauder, K. A., Basta, M., & Vgontzas, A. N. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181fe365a · Cited by 261
Neural Circuitry of Stress-Induced Insomnia in Rats
Cano, G., Mochizuki, T., & Saper, C. B. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1809-08.2008 · Cited by 247
Personality Patterns in Insomnia
Kales, A. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770090118013 · Cited by 246
Risk for mania and positive emotional responding: Too much of a good thing?
Gruber, J., Johnson, S. L., Oveis, C., & Keltner, D. J. (2008) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.8.1.23 · Cited by 242
Insomnia and the eye of the beholder: Are there clinical markers of objective sleep disturbances among adults with and without insomnia complaints?
Edinger, J. D., Fins, A. I., Glenn, D. M., Jr. Sullivan Robert, J., Bastian, L. A., Marsh, G. R., Dailey, D. S., Hope, T. V., Young, M., Shaw, E., et al. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.586 · Cited by 237
Caffeine Use as a Model of Acute and Chronic Insomnia
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (1992) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/15.6.526 · Cited by 236
The distribution and clinical significance of sleep time misperceptions among insomniacs
Edinger, J. D., & Fins, A. I. (1995) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/18.4.232 · Cited by 226
Effects of Cognitive Arousal and Physiological Arousal on Sleep Perception
Tang, N. K. Y., & Harvey, A. G. (2004) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.1.69 · Cited by 221
Self-citation
An open trial of cognitive therapy for chronic insomnia
Harvey, A. G., Sharpley, A. L., Ree, M. J., Stinson, K., & Clark, D. M. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.007 · Cited by 219
Self-citation
Accuracy of sleep perceptions among insomnia sufferers and normal sleepers
Means, M. (2003) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(03)00057-1 · Cited by 217
Sleep: Physiology and Pathology
Karacan, I. (1970) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1970.03170090063022 · Cited by 213
Objective Sleep in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders and Major Depressive Disorder
Forbes, E. E., Bertocci, M. A., Gregory, A. M., Ryan, N. D., Axelson, D., Birmaher, B. B., & Dahl, R. E. (2008) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31815cd9bc · Cited by 211
Estimating sleep parameters: A multitrait-multimethod analysis.
Coates, T. J., Killen, J. D., George, J., Marchini, E., Silverman, S., & Thoresen, C. E. (1982) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.50.3.345 · Cited by 211
“If I feel anxious, there must be danger”: Ex-consequentia reasoning in inferring danger in anxiety disorders
Arntz, A., Rauner, M., & Van den Hout, M. (1995) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(95)00032-s · Cited by 208
A 1-year prospective study of panic attacks: Clinical course and factors associated with maintenance
Ehlers, A. (1995) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.104.1.164 · Cited by 199
Physiological and psychological differences between good and poor sleepers
Adam, K., Tomeny, M., & Oswald, I. (1986) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(86)90033-6 · Cited by 195
The Socioeconomic Impact of Insomnia
Chilcott, L. A., & Shapiro, C. M. (1996) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/00019053-199600101-00003 · Cited by 191
Don't hide your happiness! Positive emotion dissociation, social connectedness, and psychological functioning.
Mauss, I. B., Shallcross, A. J., Troy, A. S., John, O. P., Ferrer, E., Wilhelm, F. H., & Gross, J. J. (2011) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022410 · Cited by 189
Daily diary and ambulatory activity monitoring of sleep in patients with insomnia associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain
Wilson, K. G., Watson, S. T., & Currie, S. R. (1998) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(97)00207-8 · Cited by 186
EEG Spectral Analysis in Primary Insomnia: NREM Period Effects and Sex Differences
Buysse, D. J., Germain, A., Hall, M. L., Moul, D. E., Nofzinger, E. A., Begley, A. E., Ehlers, C. L., Thompson, W. K., & Kupfer, D. J. (2008) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.12.1673 · Cited by 185
Subtyping primary insomnia: is sleep state misperception a distinct clinical entity?
Edinger, J. D., & Krystal, A. D. (2003) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0253 · Cited by 185
Correcting distorted perception of sleep in insomnia: a novel behavioural experiment?
Tang, N. K. Y., & Harvey, A. G. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00068-8 · Cited by 185
Self-citation
Sleep Disturbance in Preschool-Aged Hyperactive and Nonhyperactive Children
Kaplan, B. J., McNicol, J., Conte, R., & Moghadam, H. K. (1987) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.80.6.839 · Cited by 181
Physiological and psychological factors in sleep-onset insomnia.
Freedman, R. R., & Sattler, H. L. (1982) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.91.5.380 · Cited by 181
Physiological Activation in Patients With Sleep State Misperception
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (1997) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199709000-00011 · Cited by 181
A compendium of placebo-controlled trials of the risks/benefits of pharmacological treatments for insomnia: The empirical basis for U.S. clinical practice
Krystal, A. D. (2009) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2008.08.001 · Cited by 180
Perception of risk in women with a family history of breast cancer
Evans, D. G., Burnell, L., Hopwood, P., & Howell, A. (1993) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1993.112 · Cited by 178
Sleep onset: Normal and abnormal processes.
(1994) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10166-000 · Cited by 177
Reported chronic insomnia is independent of poor sleep as measured by electroencephalography
Rosa, R. R., & Bonnet, M. H. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200007000-00004 · Cited by 174
Persistent Psychophysiologic (Learned) Insomnia
Hauri, P., & Fisher, J. (1986) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/9.1.38 · Cited by 172
Relationship between objective and subjective sleep measures in depressed patients and healthy controls
Armitage, R., Trivedi, M. H., Hoffmann, R. F., & Rush, A. J. (1997) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1997)5:2 · Cited by 170
Biopsychobehavioral Correlates of Insomnia. II. Pattern Specificity and Consistency with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Kales, A., Caldwell, A. B., Soldatos, C. R., Bixler, E. O., & Kales, J. D. (1983) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198308000-00008 · Cited by 170 · cited 18×
“[PubMed: 10809189] Levin D, Bertelson AD, Lacks P. MMPI differences among mild and severe insomniacs and good sleepers.”
BackgroundInfluential
Sleep latency and duration estimates among sleep disorder patients: variability as a function of sleep disorder diagnosis, sleep history, and psychological characteristics
Vanable, P. A., Aikens, J. E., Tadimeti, L., Caruana-Montaldo, B., & Mendelson, W. B. (2000) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/23.1.1d · Cited by 170
The experience of insomnia and daytime and nightime functioning
Mendelson, W. B., Garnett, D., Gillin, J. C., & Weingartner, H. (1984) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(84)90029-5 · Cited by 166
Practice Parameters for the Use of Actigraphy in the Clinical Assessment of Sleep Disorders
(1995) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/18.4.285 · Cited by 163
Daytime Alertness in Relation to Mood, Performance, and Nocturnal Sleep in Chronic Insomniacs and Noncomplaining Sleepers
Seidel, W. F., Stephen, B., Cohen, S. A., Patterson, N., Yost, D., & Dement, W. C. (1984) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/7.3.230 · Cited by 159
Cognitive behaviour therapy for primary insomnia: Can we rest yet?
Harvey, A. G., & Tang, N. K. Y. (2003) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0266 · Cited by 158
Self-citation
Measuring the error in sleep estimation in normal subjects and in patients with insomnia: Quantification of sleep misperception
MANCONI, M., FERRI, R., SAGRADA, C., PUNJABI, N. M., TETTAMANZI, E., ZUCCONI, M., OLDANI, A., CASTRONOVO, V., & FERINI-STRAMBI, L. (2010) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00801.x · Cited by 156
Behavioral sleep medicine
Stepanski, E. J., & Perlis, M. L. (2000) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00171-9 · Cited by 151
Fast somato-parietal rhythms during combined focal attention and immobility in baboon and squirrel monkey
Rougeul, A., Bouyer, J. J., Dedet, L., & Debray, O. (1979) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(79)90205-0 · Cited by 149
The Use of Polysomnography in the Evaluation of Insomnia
Reite, M., Buysse, D., Reynolds, C., & Mendelson, W. (1995) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/18.1.58 · Cited by 148
Insomniacs’ perception of wake instead of sleep
Mercer, J. D., Bootzin, R. R., & Lack, L. C. (2002) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/25.5.559 · Cited by 138
Long-term study of the sleep of insomnia patients with sleep state misperception and other insomnia patients
Salín-Pascual, R. J., Roehrs, T., Merlotti, L. A., Zorick, F. J., & Roth, T. G. (1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.7.904 · Cited by 135
Daytime alertness in subjective and objective insomnia: Some preliminary findings
Sugerman, J. L., Stern, J. A., & Walsh, J. K. (1985) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(85)90153-2 · Cited by 134
Intrusive thoughts in clinical disorders : theory, research, and treatment
Clark, D. A. (2005) · Cited by 132
Objective and Subjective Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Hirsch, M., Carlander, B., Vergé, M., Tafti, M., Anaya, J., Billiard, M., & Sany, J. (1994) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780370107 · Cited by 129
Twenty-Four-Hour Sleep-Wake Function and Personality Patterns in Chronic Insomniacs and Healthy Controls
Schneider-Helmert, D. (1986) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/10.5.452 · Cited by 129
Developing new treatments: on the interplay between theories, experimental science and clinical innovation
Clark, D. M. (2004) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.05.002 · Cited by 123
Paradoxical insomnia: The role of CAP and arousals in sleep misperception
Parrino, L., Milioli, G., Paolis, F. D., Grassi, A., & Terzano, M. G. (2009) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2008.12.014 · Cited by 116
Sleep and cognition.
(1990) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10499-000 · Cited by 115
Subjective Sleep Complaints in Pediatric Depression: A Controlled Study and Comparison With EEG Measures of Sleep and Waking
Bertocci, M. A., Dahl, R. E., Williamson, D. E., Iosif, A., Birmaher, B. B., Axelson, D., & Ryan, N. D. (2005) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.chi.0000179057.54419.17 · Cited by 113
Nonpharmacologic treatments of insomnia.
Bootzin, R. R., & Perlis, M. L. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 112
How we think about cognition, emotion, and biology in psychopathology
Miller, G. A. (1996) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02356.x · Cited by 112
Reported vs Recorded Sleep Characteristics
Baekeland, F. (1971) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750120064011 · Cited by 112
An evaluation of behavioral treatments for insomnia in the older adult
多賀, 谷., 嶋田, 洋., Hazlewood, L., & Tsao, C. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199201)48:1 · Cited by 110
Relationship Between Sleep Habits, Adrenocortical Activity and Personality
Johns, M. W., Gay, T., Masterton, J. P., & Bruce, D. W. (1971) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-197111000-00003 · Cited by 109
Altering misperception of sleep in insomnia: Behavioral experiment versus verbal feedback.
Tang, N. K. Y., & Harvey, A. G. (2006) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.74.4.767 · Cited by 104
Self-citation
Sleep complaints are not corroborated by objective sleep measures in post‐traumatic stress disorder: a 1‐year prospective study in survivors of motor vehicle crashes
Klein, E., Koren, D., Arnon, I., & Lavie, P. (2003) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2003.00334.x · Cited by 103
Subjective and Objective Sleep Quality in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Elsenbruch, S., HARNISH, M., & Orr, W. C. (1999) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01374.x · Cited by 101
Subtyping DSM-III-R primary insomnia: a literature review by the DSM-IV Work Group on Sleep Disorders
Reynolds, C. F., Kupfer, D. J., Buysse, D. J., Coble, P. A., & Yeager, A. (1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.4.432 · Cited by 93
Attention Bias for Sleep-Related Stimuli in Primary Insomnia and Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome Using the Dot-Probe Task
Macmahon, K., Broomfield, N. M., & Espie, C. A. (2006) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.11.1420 · Cited by 93
The relationship between subjective sleep estimation and objective sleep variables in depressed patients
Rotenberg, V. S., Indursky, P., Kayumov, L., Sirota, P., & Melamed, Y. (2000) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(00)00110-0 · Cited by 91
Sleep-Related Attentional Bias in Good, Moderate, and Poor (Primary Insomnia) Sleepers.
Jones, B. T., Macphee, L. M., Broomfield, N. M., Jones, B. C., & Espie, C. A. (2005) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.2.249 · Cited by 89
Attentional Bias in People With Acute Versus Persistent Insomnia Secondary to Cancer
Taylor, L. M., Espie, C. A., & White, C. A. (2003) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0104_3 · Cited by 89
Presleep cognitions and attributions in sleep-onset insomnia
Egeren, L. V., Haynes, S. N., Franzen, M. D., & Hamilton, J. (1983) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00845382 · Cited by 87
Phenomenology of sleep among insomniacs and good sleepers: Wakefulness experience when cortically asleep.
Borkovec, T. D., Lane, T. W., & VanOot, P. H. (1981) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.90.6.607 · Cited by 83
Sleeping with the enemy: Clock monitoring in the maintenance of insomnia
Tang, N. K. Y., Schmidt, D., & Harvey, A. G. (2006) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2005.07.004 · Cited by 81
Self-citation
Monitoring for Sleep-Related Threat: A Pilot Study of the Sleep Associated Monitoring Index (SAMI)
Semler, C. N., & Harvey, A. G. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000114870.50968.90 · Cited by 75
Self-citation
Public health and insomnia: economic impact.
Léger, D. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 74
An investigation of monitoring for sleep-related threat in primary insomnia
Semler, C. N., & Harvey, A. G. (2003) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2003.09.003 · Cited by 71
Self-citation
Positive sleep state misperception – A new concept of sleep misperception
Trajanovic, N. N., Radivojević, V., Kaushansky, Y., & Shapiro, C. M. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.08.013 · Cited by 67
Fearful distortions
Rachman, S., & Cuk, M. (1992) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(92)90003-y · Cited by 67
The role of physiological attention-focusing in the relaxation treatment of sleep disturbance, general tension, and specific stress reaction
Borkovec, T. D., & Hennings, B. L. (1978) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(78)90085-2 · Cited by 65
Sleep, its subjective perception, and daytime performance in insomniacs with a pattern of alpha sleep
Schneider-Helmert, D., & Kumar, A. (1995) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)00162-v · Cited by 62
Time Estimation Ability and Distorted Perception of Sleep in Insomnia
Tang, N. K. Y., & Harvey, A. G. (2005) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0303_2 · Cited by 62
Self-citation
Actigraphic sleep monitoring in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients
Dagan, Y., Zinger, Y., & Lavie, P. (1997) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00013-5 · Cited by 61
Perception of Waking and Sleeping: Possible Implications for the Evaluation of Insomnia
Knab, B., & Engel, R. R. (1988) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/11.3.265 · Cited by 61
The Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotic Zolpidem Impairs Sleep-Dependent Cortical Plasticity
(2008) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep/31.10.1381 · Cited by 60
Sleep Quality Perception in the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Correlations with Sleep Efficiency, Affective Symptoms and Intensity of Fatigue
Neu, D., Maîresse, O., Hoffmann, G., Dris, A., Lambrecht, L., Linkowski, P., Verbanck, P., & Bon, O. L. (2007) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000110727 · Cited by 59
What Is the Moment of Sleep Onset for Insomniacs?
Rauri, P., & Olmstead, E. M. (1983) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/6.1.10 · Cited by 59
fMRI differences between early and late stage-1 sleep
Picchioni, D., Fukunaga, M., Carr, W. S., Braun, A. R., Balkin, T. J., Duyn, J. H., & Horovitz, S. G. (2008) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.06.010 · Cited by 57
Unwanted Intrusive Thoughts in Insomnia.
Harvey, A. G. (2005) · Cited by 56
Self-citation
Treating sleep disorders : principles and practice of behavioral sleep medicine
Perlis, M. L., & Lichstein, K. L. (2003) · John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks · Cited by 55
Effect of Problem Solving on Right and Left Hemisphere 40 Hertz EEG Activity
Spydell, J. D., & Sheer, D. E. (1982) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1982.tb02497.x · Cited by 52
Sleep Onset Is Associated With Retrograde and Anterograde Amnesia
Wyatt, J. K., Bootzin, R. R., Anthony, J., & Bazant, S. (1994) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/17.6.502 · Cited by 50
Psychometric properties of the separation-individuation test of adolescence within a clinical population
Levine, J. B., & Saintonge, S. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199307)49:4 · Cited by 49
Sleep onset insomnia: Personality characteristics and treatment outcomes.
Shealy, R. C., Lowe, J. D., & Ritzler, B. A. (1980) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.48.5.659 · Cited by 46
Subjective insomnia without objective findings: A pseudo diagnostic classification?
Trinder, J. C. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.1.87 · Cited by 45
Mesograde Amnesia During the Sleep Onset Transition: Replication and Electrophysiological Correlates
Wyatt, J. K., Bootzin, R. R., Allen, J. J. B., & Anthony, J. L. (1997) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/20.7.512 · Cited by 38
The effect of arousals during sleep onset on estimates of sleep onset latency
Smith, S. S., & Trinder, J. C. (2000) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00194.x · Cited by 38
No evidence of sleep disturbance in post-traumatic stress disorder: a polysomnographic study in injured victims of traffic accidents.
Klein, E., Koren, D., Arnon, I., & Lavie, P. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 37
Laterality of 40 Hz EEG and EMG During Cognitive Performance
Loring, D. W., & Sheer, D. E. (1984) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1984.tb02313.x · Cited by 36
Reverse sleep state misperception
Attarian, H. P. (2004) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2003.10.014 · Cited by 33
Agreement Among Subjective, Objective, and Collateral Measures of Insomnia in Postwithdrawal Recovering Alcoholics
Currie, S. R., Malhotra, S., & Clark, S. D. (2004) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0203_4 · Cited by 33
On the intercorrelation of some frequency and amplitude parameters of the human EEG and its functional significance. Communication I: Multidimensional neurodynamic organization of functional states of the brain during intellectual, perceptive and motor activity in normal subjects
Lazarev, V. V. (1998) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(97)00068-8 · Cited by 33
MMPI Differences Among Mild and Severe Insomniacs and Good Sleepers
Levin, D., Bertelson, A. D., & Lacks, P. B. (1984) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4802_3 · Cited by 32
MMPI differences between adolescent poor and good sleepers.
Monroe, L. J., & Marks, P. A. (1977) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.45.1.151 · Cited by 31
Training Subjective Insomniacs to Accurately Perceive Sleep Onset
Downey, R., & Bonnet, M. H. (1992) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/15.1.58 · Cited by 31
Comparison of MMPI profiles in medically and psychologically based insomnias
Kalogjera-Sackellares, D., & CARTWRIGHT, R. D. (1997) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(97)03078-3 · Cited by 29
Insomnia.
Borkovec, T. D. (1982) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.50.6.880 · Cited by 27
Effects of Flurazepam and Zolpidem on the Perception of Sleep in Normal Volunteers
Mendelson, W. B. (1995) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/18.2.88 · Cited by 26
Time Estimation in Chronic Insomnia Sufferers
Rioux, I., Tremblay, S., & Bastien, C. (2006) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.4.486 · Cited by 25
Pharmacologic Alteration of the Perception of Being Awake or Asleep
Mendelson, W. B. (1993) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/16.7.641 · Cited by 25
The measurement of sleep onset latency in insomnia
Franklin, J. (1981) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(81)90082-6 · Cited by 23
Insomnia and Related Sleep Disorders
Mendelson, W. B. (1993) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(18)30154-0 · Cited by 15
Personality differences between insomniac and non-insomniac psychiatry outpatients.
Piccione, P. M., Tallarigo, R., Zorick, F. J., Wittig, R. M., & Roth, T. G. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 13
Clinical Neuropharmacology of Sleep
Mendelson, W. B. (1990) · Neurologic Clinics · doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(18)30378-5 · Cited by 13
MMPI-2 Scores of Patients with Insomnia
Tsushima, W. T., & Ingolfsdottir, E. (2004) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.94.1.267-272 · Cited by 12
Evaluation of Severe Insomnia In The General Population — Implications for The Management of Insomnia: The Uk Perspective
Nutt, D., & Wilson, S. (1999) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/026988119901304s09 · Cited by 7
Asymptomatic insomnia
Schneider-Helmert, D. (2007) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2006.08.010 · Cited by 7

Research works printed but not linked: 7

Fleiss JL Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters Psychological Bulletin 1971 76 378 382
Freelon DG Intercoder reliability calculation as a web service International Journal of Internet Science 2010 5 20 33
Jason L Rapid improvement in insomnia following self-monitoring Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 1975 6 346 350
Klinger E Halisch F Kuhl J Current concerns and disengagement from incentives Motivation, intention and violation 1987 Berlin Springer-Verlag
Nickerson RS Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises Review of General Psychology 1998 2 175 220
Ross M Relation of implicit theories to the construction of personal histories Psychological Review 1989 96 341 357
Salkovskis PM Bass C Clark DM Fairburn CG Hypochondriasis Science and practice of cognitive behavioral therapy 1997 Oxford Oxford University Press 313 339

Sorted by citations

Insomnia with objective short sleep duration: The most biologically severe phenotype of the disorder
Vgontzas, A. N., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Liao, D., & Bixler, E. O. (2013) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2012.09.005 · Cited by 776
The neurobiology, investigation, and treatment of chronic insomnia
Riemann, D. W., Nissen, C., Palagini, L., Otte, A., Perlis, M. L., & Spiegelhalder, K. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00021-6 · Cited by 657
Brain mechanisms of insomnia: new perspectives on causes and consequences
Someren, E. J. W. V. (2020) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00046.2019 · Cited by 578
Sleep disparity, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position
Grandner, M. A., Williams, N. J., Knutson, K. L., Roberts, D., & Jean-Louis, G. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2015.01.020 · Cited by 481
Beyond the mean: A systematic review on the correlates of daily intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns
Bei, B., Wiley, J. F., Trinder, J. C., & Manber, R. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.06.003 · Cited by 439

See all 529

Authors: Harvey, A. G., & Tang, N. K. Y.
Affiliations: University of California, Berkeley (US)
Arthritis Research UK (GB)
ORCID: Harvey, Allison G.
Tang, Nicole K. Y.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2012-01
Volume: 138
Issue: 1
Pages: 77-101
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/a0025730
PMC: PMC3277880
OpenAlex: W2001331727
Cited by: 529
References: 171
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 36 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 24.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R34MH080958)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: insomnia, sleep misperception, sleep latency, total sleep time, subjective sleep duration, sleep complaints, worry, time estimation, memory bias, confirmation bias, belief bias, recall bias, physiological arousal, cortical arousal, insomnia subtypes
MeSH terms: Arousal, Attention, Darkness, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Models, Theoretical, Perceptual Distortion, Personality Assessment, Mental Recall, Sleep, Stress, Psychological, Time Perception, Wakefulness, Polysomnography, Actigraphy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

(Mis)perception of Sleep in Insomnia: A Puzzle and a Resolution

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks