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Self-Compassion: Conceptualizations, Correlates, & Interventions
Abstract
Within American psychology, there has been a recent surge of interest in self-compassion, a construct from Buddhist thought. Self-compassion entails: (a) being kind and understanding toward oneself in times of pain or failure, (b) perceiving one's own suffering as part of a larger human experience, and (c) holding painful feelings and thoughts in mindful awareness. In this article we review findings from personality, social, and clinical psychology related to self-compassion. First, we define self-compassion and distinguish it from other self-constructs such as self-esteem, self-pity, and self-criticism. Next, we review empirical work on the correlates of self-compassion, demonstrating that self-compassion has consistently been found to be related to well-being. These findings support the call for interventions that can raise self-compassion. We then review the theory and empirical support behind current interventions that could enhance self-compassion including compassionate mind training (CMT), imagery work, the gestalt two-chair technique, mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Directions for future research are also discussed.
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“This is borne out in research showing that dispositional mindfulness and self-compassion have a positive association with wellbeing and a negative association with negative affect (e.g. shame, guilt and anxiety), mental health difficulties (e.g. depression) and maladaptive cognitive processes such as rumination, worry and thought suppression (Barnard and Curry 2011; Keng etal. 2011; MacBeth and G”
From The Association of Trait Mindfulness and Self-compassion with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms: Results from a Large Survey with Treatment-Seeking Adults (2020) · cites this paper as Barnard and Curry 2011
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Metadata
- Authors
- Barnard, L. K., & Curry, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- ORCID
- Curry, John F.
- Venue
- Review of General Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2011-12
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 289-303
- ISSN
- 1089-2680 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1552
- OpenAlex
- W2020746234
- Cited by
- 835
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 89 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 87 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 18.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Review of General Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- self-compassion, compassionate mind training, self-esteem, self-pity, self-criticism, well-being, mindfulness, mindfulness-based stress reduction, dialectical behavior therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, Buddhist psychology, self-compassion interventions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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